This document covers the following topics:
The symbols which are used in escape sequences represent printer instructions which have previously been defined in conjunction with the appropriate printer manual. The following features can only be defined using escape sequences: italic, superscript, subscript and backspacing.
There are two instructions that can be used for boldface printing: .BF and .BP. In addition to these instructions, you can also use escape sequences to invoke boldface printing.
Both instructions .BF and .BP can be combined with centering (see .CE - Centered Text), right-adjustment (see .RA - Right-Adjusted Text) and with the .UL instruction. Boldface printing can only be combined with underscoring when you use escape sequences.
.BF number .BF
The .BF instruction prints all text which follows the instruction in boldface until .BF is issued once more.
As a rule, the .BF instruction should be used when you want to print large sections of text in boldface. The .BF instruction causes a break in filling (i.e. the subsequent text starts in a new line). Thus, it cannot be used to print single words in a line in boldface.
To switch boldface printing on, you must specify:
.BF 1
Note:
The value after the .BF instruction must be any number greater than
zero.
All text that follows the .BF instruction is printed in boldface.
To switch boldface printing off, you must issue the .BF instruction once more, this time without a parameter:
.BF
.BP
The .BP instruction prints only the text which follows in the next line of the source text in boldface.
As a rule, the .BP instruction should be used when you want to print single words within a line in boldface. The .BP instruction does not cause a break in filling. However, you cannot emphasize single letters within a word (this can only be achieved using escape sequences).
To print the text line after the instruction in boldface, you must specify:
.BP
In contrast to the .BF instruction, bold printing need not be switched off.
When you use escape sequences, you can also print a part of a word in boldface and combine boldface printing with underscoring (see Using Escape Sequences for Underscoring Text). Escape sequences do not cause a break in line filling.
Before you can issue an escape sequence, you must define the escape character (see .OP ESC - Escape Character).
To print part of a word in boldface, the following symbols must be included in the source text:
| M1 | Switches boldface printing on. |
| M0 | Switches boldface printing off. |
The following example shows how to print part of a word in boldface:
.OP ESC=/ This should be printed in /M1bold/M0face.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
This should be printed in boldface.
This example illustrates the instructions .BF and .BP. It also shows how to use escape sequences.
.LM 0;.RM 60 .FI ON;.JU ON .BF 1 All text in this paragraph is printed in boldface. To switch boldface printing off, the .BF instruction must be issued once more, this time without a parameter. .BF .SL 1 In this sentence, a .BP single word is printed in boldface. The word to be printed in boldface must immediately follow the .BP instruction and it must be entered in a .BP separate line. .SL 1 If you want to use escape sequences, you must first define the escape character. .OP ESC=/ In this example, the escape character is the slash. You can now print /M1several words/M0 or a part of a word in /M1bold/M0face. .SL 1 .** The following instruction cancels the escape character. .OP ESC=NULL If you want to include the slash (/) in the formatted output, you must cancel the escape character or define another escape character.
All text in this paragraph is printed in boldface. To switch boldface printing off, the .BF instruction must be issued once more, this time without a parameter. In this sentence, a single word is printed in boldface. The word to be printed in boldface must immediately follow the .BP instruction and it must be entered in a separate line. If you want to use escape sequences, you must first define the escape character. In this example, the escape character is the slash. You can now print several words or a part of a word in boldface. If you want to include the slash (/) in the formatted output, you must cancel the escape character or define another escape character.
There are two instructions that can be used to underline or underscore text: .UL and .US. In addition to these instructions, you can also use escape sequences to invoke underscoring.
.UL must be entered after the text to be underlined, whereas .US must be entered before the text to be underscored.
.UL character .UL
The .UL instruction always underlines the previous line of the source text. If you do not specify an underline character, the hyphen (-) is used. The underline character occupies an extra output line.
The .UL instruction causes a break in filling (i.e. the subsequent text starts in a new line). Thus, it cannot be used to underline single words within a line.
You must specify the .UL instruction after the text to be underlined, for example:
This text is to be underlined with the hyphen character. .UL
You can define another underline character. For example, to define the asterisk (*) as the underline character, you specify:
.UL *
Underlining can be combined with centering (see .CE - Centered Text), right-adjustment (see .RA - Right-Adjusted Text) and boldface printing (see .BF - Boldface).
.US
The .US instruction underscores only the text which follows in the next line of the source text. In contrast to the .UL instruction, you cannot define another underline character. Your text is always underscored with a solid line. Underscoring does not produce an extra output line.
The .US instruction does not cause a break in filling. Thus, you can underscore single words in a sentence. However, you cannot underscore single letters within a word (this can be achieved using escape sequences).
You must specify the .US instruction before the text to be underscored, for example:
.US This line is to be underscored.
Underscoring can be combined with centering (see .CE - Centered Text) and right-adjustment (see .RA - Right-Adjusted Text). Underscoring can only be combined with boldface printing when you use escape sequences.
.OP ULB=ON .OP ULB=OFF
When you use the .US instruction, all blanks in the formatted output are underscored. This corresponds to the initial setting:
.OP ULB=ON
To switch this option off so that blanks are not underscored, you must specify:
.OP ULB=OFF
Caution:
The instruction .OP ULB=OFF is only recognized when filling is
switched on (.FI ON).
When you use escape sequences, you can also underscore a part of a word and combine underscoring with boldface printing. Escape sequences do not cause a break in line filling.
Before you can issue an escape sequence, you must define the escape character (see .OP ESC - Escape Character).
To underscore part of a word, the following symbols must be included in the source text:
| U1 | Switches underscoring on. |
| U0 | Switches underscoring off. |
The following example shows how to underscore part of a word:
.OP ESC=/ You can /U1under/U0score a part of a word.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
You can underscore a part of a word.
When you use escape sequences, you can combine underscoring with boldface printing. For example:
.OP ESC=/ You can /M1/U1combine/U0/M0 underscoring with boldface printing.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
You can combine underscoring with boldface printing.
This example illustrates the instructions .UL and .US. It also shows how to use escape sequences.
.LM 0;.RM 60 .FI ON;.JU ON This line is underlined with an equal sign (=). .UL = The .UL instruction has been entered after the line to be underlined. The .UL instruction causes a break in filling. .SL 1 In this sentence, a .US single word is underscored. The word(s) to be underscored must immediately follow the .US instruction and must be entered in a .US separate line. .SL 1 If you want to use escape sequences, you must first define the escape character. .OP ESC=/ In this example, the escape character is the slash. You can now underscore /U1several words/U0 or p/U1ar/U0t of a word. .SL 1 You can also /M1/U1combine/U0/M0 underscoring with boldface printing. .** The following instruction cancels the escape character. .OP ESC=NULL .SL 1 If you want to include the slash (/) in the formatted output, you must cancel the escape character or define another escape character.
This line is underlined with an equal sign (=). =============================================== The .UL instruction has been entered after the line to be underlined. The .UL instruction causes a break in filling. In this sentence, a single word is underscored. The word(s) to be underscored must immediately follow the .US instruction and must be entered in a separate line. If you want to use escape sequences, you must first define the escape character. In this example, the escape character is the slash. You can now underscore several words or part of a word. You can also combine underscoring with boldface printing. If you want to include the slash (/) in the formatted output, you must cancel the escape character or define another escape character.
Italic text can only be defined using escape sequences.
Before you can issue an escape sequence, you must define the escape character (see .OP ESC - Escape Character).
To print italic text, the following symbols must be included in the source text:
| I1 | Switches italic printing on. |
| I0 | Switches italic printing off. |
The following example shows how to print a word in italics:
.OP ESC=/ This should be printed in /I1italics/I0.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
This should be printed in italics.
You can also print part of a word or several words in italics.
You can also combine italic text with underscoring. For example:
.OP ESC=/ This should be printed in /I1/U1underscored italics/U0/I0.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
This should be printed in underscored italics.
Superscript text can only be defined using escape sequences.
Before you can issue an escape sequence, you must define the escape character (see .OP ESC - Escape Character).
To print superscript text, the following symbols must be included in the source text:
| E1 | Switches superscript printing on. |
| E0 | Switches superscript printing off. |
The following example shows how to print part of a word in superscript:
.OP ESC=/ This is printed in /E1super/E0script.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
This is printed in superscript.
You can also combine superscript text with bold text, italics and underscoring. For example:
.OP ESC=/ This is printed in bold /M1/E1super/E0/M0script.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
This is printed in bold superscript.
Subscript text can only be defined using escape sequences.
Before you can issue an escape sequence, you must define the escape character (see .OP ESC - Escape Character).
To print subscript text, the following symbols must be included in the source text:
| S1 | Switches subscript printing on. |
| S0 | Switches subscript printing off. |
The following example shows how to print part of a word in subscript:
.OP ESC=/ This is printed in /S1sub/S0script.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
This is printed in subscript.
You can also combine subscript text with bold text and italics. For example:
.OP ESC=/ This is printed in italic /I1/S1sub/S0/I0script.
The above instructions cause the following formatted output:
This is printed in italic subscript.
Backspacing can only be defined using escape sequences.
Backspacing is helpful, when you want to print two characters at the same position (for example, the Danish character ø).
Before you can issue an escape sequence, you must define the escape character (see .OP ESC - Escape Character).
To use backspacing, the following symbol must be included in the source text:
| B | Goes back one character. |
The following example shows how to use backspacing to create the Danish character ø (since you use the slash (/) within your source text, you must not define it as the escape character):
.OP ESC=# The price is 10 Danish o#B/re.
The above instructions cause the following formatted printout:
The price is 10 Danish øre.
Escape sequences are helpful when you want to define italic text, subscript text, superscript text and backspacing, or if you want to combine, for example, boldface printing with underscoring, since this cannot be achieved using the Con-form instructions.
You can also define hyphenation points using escape sequences (see Defining Hyphenation Points).
The symbols which are used in the escape sequences have already been described in the previous sections. This section provides general information on how to use escape sequences. You can define the following symbols in your source text:
| B | Goes back one character. |
| E1 | Switches superscript printing on. |
| E0 | Switches superscript printing off. |
| I1 | Switches italic printing on. |
| I0 | Switches italic printing off. |
| M1 | Switches boldface printing on. |
| M0 | Switches boldface printing off. |
| U1 | Switches underscoring on. |
| U0 | Switches underscoring off. |
| S1 | Switches subscript printing on. |
| S0 | Switches subscript printing off. |
For each symbol, you must define the appropriate printer command sequence (which is documented in your printer manual) in your printer profile. See the Con-nect User's Guide, section Printer Profiles.
You can also define the following symbols in your source text (see Using Escape Sequences to Alter the Text Orientation):
| A1 | Switches left-to-right orientation on. |
| A0 | Switches left-to-right orientation off. |
| Z1 | Switches right-to-left orientation on. |
| Z0 | Switches right-to-left orientation off. |
.OP ESC=character .OP ESC=NULL
Before you can issue an escape sequence, you must define the escape character. For example, to specify the slash (/) as the escape character, you must specify:
.OP ESC=/
When you define the slash as the escape character you cannot use it as part of the normal text, since Con-form always expects an escape sequence with it.
If you want to include the slash (which has been defined as the escape character with the above instruction) in your formatted output, you must either define another escape character or cancel the effects of the escape character using the following instruction:
.OP ESC=NULL
You can define your own symbols. You must also define them in your printer profile. See the Con-nect User's Guide, section Printer Profiles.
Your symbols must be enclosed either in parentheses or in apostrophes.
For example, you have defined a symbol called "Courier" which invokes this font. When you want to use parentheses, you include the following instructions in your source text:
.OP ESC=/ /(COURIER)
When you want to use apostrophes, you include the following instructions in your source text:
.OP ESC=/ /"COURIER"
This example illustrates how to use escape sequences.
.LM 0;.RM 60 .FI ON;.JU ON .OP ESC=/ You can use escape sequences to emphasize a part of a word or a longer passage of text, for example, to define /M1bold/M0, /U1underscored/U0, /I1italic/I0, /S1sub/S0script and /E1super/E0script text. You can combine bold text with /M1/U1underscoring/U0/M0, or italic text with /I1/U1underscoring/U0/I0. .SL 1 /I1You can output longer passages of text in italics and combine it with /S1sub/S0script or /E1super/E0script text./I0 .SL 1 /M1You can output longer passages of text in boldface and combine it with /S1sub/S0script or /E1super/E0script text./M0 .SL 1 .OP ESC=# You can use backspacing, for example, to output the Danish word "o#B/re" in your printed document. When you want to output the slash (/), you must make sure that it is not defined as the current escape character. .SL 1 .** The escape character is still the hash (#) .CE ON You can output #U1centered#U0 text. .CE OFF;.SL 1 .RA ON You can output #M1right#M0-adjusted text. .RA OFF
You can use escape sequences to emphasize a part of a word
or a longer passage of text, for example, to define bold,
underscored, italic, subscript and superscript text. You can
combine bold text with underscoring, or italic text with
underscoring.
You can output longer passages of text in italics and
combine it with subscript or superscript text.
You can output longer passages of text in boldface and
combine it with subscript or superscript text.
You can use backspacing, for example, to output the Danish
word "øre" in your printed document. When you want to output
the slash (/), you must make sure that it is not defined as
the current escape character.
You can output centered text.
You can output right-adjusted text.