This document covers the following topics:
In justified text (.FI ON;.JU ON), hyphenation reduces the number of spaces which have to be inserted in the formatted output.
When you arrange your text with a jagged edge (.FI ON;.JU OFF), hyphenation reduces the raggedness of the right margin.
The hyphenation option is available for the following languages: English, French and German.
The following options only affect words at the end of an output line. Hyphenation works only when filling has been switched on (.FI ON).
.OP HYP=language-code .OP HYP=OFF
Initially, hyphenation is switched off.
To activate hyphenation, you must define the language code for the desired language. The following language codes are available:
| E | English |
| F | French |
| G | German (old orthography rules) |
| D | German (new orthography rules) |
For example, to define hyphenation for the English language, you specify:
.OP HYP=E
When hyphenation is switched on, long words at the end of an output line are hyphenated according to the grammatical rules for the chosen language.
To switch hyphenation off, you specify:
.OP HYP=OFF
.OP HYB=number
ou can define the minimum number of characters that must remain before the hyphen (i.e. at the end of the line). For example, to define a minimum of 2 characters, you specify:
.OP HYB=2
When you define a minimum of 2 characters before the hyphen, all hyphenation points in the following word are considered:
in-har-moni-ous
When you define a minimum of 3 characters before the hyphen, the word can only be hyphenated as follows:
inhar-moni-ous
.OP HYA=number
You can define the minimum number of characters that must remain after the hyphen (i.e. in the beginning of the new line). For example, to define a minimum of 3 characters, you specify:
.OP HYA=3
When you define a minimum of 3 characters after the hyphen, all hyphenation points in the following word are considered:
in-har-moni-ous
When you define a minimum of 4 characters after the hyphen, the word can only be hyphenated as follows:
in-har-monious
When you specify the following combination, the word can only be hyphenated in the middle, namely "inhar-monious":
.OP HYA=4,HYB=3
You can define hyphenation points to ensure that a word is not split at an inappropriate point. For example, Con-form automatically hyphenates the word "record" as follows:
re-cord
This is correct when the word is used as a verb. However, when the word is used as a noun, it must be hyphenated in a different position:
rec-ord
To define hyphenation points, you must first define the escape character (see .OP ESC - Escape Character). You can then enter the escape sequence, i.e. the escape character followed by an hyphen. For example:
.OP ESC=/ The Guinness Book of Rec/-ords records many rec/-ords.
As a result, the word is hyphenated only at the points you specify, and no longer at the predefined points.
When you want to ensure that a word is not hyphenated at all, you can put the escape sequence (i.e. the escape character followed by an hyphen) before the word in question. For example:
.OP ESC=/ /-present
Instead, you can also put the escape sequence after the word. For example:
.OP ESC=/ present/-
This example illustrates how to switch on hyphenation for the English language, how to define the minimum number of characters before and after the hyphen, and how to define the hyphenation points.
.LM 0;.RM 50 .FI ON;.JU ON .OP HYP=E;.** Hyphenation for the English language .OP HYB=2;.** The minimum number of characters before the hyphen is 2. .OP HYA=3;.** the minimum number of characters after the hyphen is 3. You can specify hyphenation for the following languages: English, French and German. You can also specify the minimum number of characters which must remain before and/or after the hyphen. .IL 1 You must use escape sequences to define the hyphenation points. Thus, you can make sure that a word is split at the position you specified and not at an inappropriate point. To do so, you must first define an escape character. .OP ESC=/ In this example, the slash has been defined as the escape character. You can now enter the slash followed by an hyphen to define the hyphenation point. .IL 1 For example, you can make sure that the noun "rec/-ord" is split correctly. The hyphen must be in a different position for the verb "re/-cord". .OP HYP=OFF;.IL 1 Initially, hyphenation is switched off.
You can specify hyphenation for the following lan- guages: English, French and German. You can also specify the minimum number of characters which must remain before and/or after the hyphen. You must use escape sequences to define the hy- phenation points. Thus, you can make sure that a word is split at the position you specified and not at an inappropriate point. To do so, you must first define an escape character. In this example, the slash has been defined as the escape charac- ter. You can now enter the slash followed by an hyphen to define the hyphenation point. For example, you can make sure that the noun "rec- ord" is split correctly. The hyphen must be in a different position for the verb "record". Initially, hyphenation is switched off.
The following instruction only affects words which have been hyphenated at the end of a source text line. It works only when filling has been switched on (.FI ON).
.HP ON .HP OFF
You can hyphenate a word at the end of a source text line and specify that the hyphen will not appear in the formatted output.
To specify that hyphenated words which occur at the end of a source text line are to be reunited in the formatted version, you specify the following:
.HP ON
Initially, this feature is switched off and words which have been hyphenated at the end of a source text line are also hyphenated in the formatted output, even if the word then occurs in the middle of a line. This corresponds to the following instruction:
.HP OFF
This example illustrates how hyphenated words at the end of a source text line can be reunited in the formatted output.
.LM 0;.RM 60 .FI ON;.JU ON .HP ON You can specify that long words that you have hyphen- ated at the end of a line in your source text are to be re- united in the formatted version of the document. However, this works only when filling has been switched on. This does not affect words which have been hyphen-ated within a source text line. .HP OFF;.IL 1 By default, this feature is switched off. This means that the words which you have hyphen- ated at the end of a source text line will also be hyphen- ated in the formatted version. Furthermore, a space will be in- cluded after the hyphen (when justification has been switched on, several spaces may be included). This does not affect words which have been hyphen-ated within a source text line.
You can specify that long words that you have hyphenated at the end of a line in your source text are to be reunited in the formatted version of the document. However, this works only when filling has been switched on. This does not affect words which have been hyphen-ated within a source text line. By default, this feature is switched off. This means that the words which you have hyphen- ated at the end of a source text line will also be hyphen- ated in the formatted version. Furthermore, a space will be in- cluded after the hyphen (when justification has been switched on, several spaces may be included). This does not affect words which have been hyphen-ated within a source text line.