When a schema has been loaded into the Tamino Schema Editor, you can modify it. For example, you can select a node in the schema tree and then change the properties of the selected node. Or you can invoke a context menu for the selected node and then choose the desired command.

This document covers the following topics:

• Inserting an Element in the Schema Tree

• Editing Properties

• Using the Property Editor

• Namespaces

• Server Extensions

• Documenting a Schema

• Specifying the Occurrence Constraints

• Declaring an Element as Optional, Required or Prohibited

• Displaying the Declaration for a Reference

• Displaying the Next Reference

• Moving an Element Up and Down in the Schema Tree

• Cutting, Copying and Pasting Information

• Using Drag-and-Drop

• Copying the Path to the Clipboard

• Deleting Information

• Renaming an Item in the Schema Tree

• Finding and Replacing Information

• Finding the Next or Previous Occurrence

• Undoing and Redoing the Previous Action

• Defining the Options

• Browsing for a Schema Location

• Opening a Referenced Schema in a New Window

• Loading and Unloading the Elements from an External Schema

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Inserting an Element in the Schema Tree

You can use the commands from the Insert menu to insert structures for the logical properties of a schema. The commands vary, depending on the current selection in the schema tree. For example, for attribute declarations, only annotations can be inserted.

The Insert menu is not available in code view.

The Tamino Schema Editor displays the Tamino schema in such a way that the nodes of the tree coincide with the elements or attributes of the instance as much as possible. For this reason, there may be nodes which correspond to individual schema constructs as well as nodes that do not. These nodes are either composed of several schema constructs, or are determined by an attribute of a schema construct. Examples:

• Types and elements are compound nodes where one property determines the construct that is to be generated. Thus, a simple type can be defined using a restriction, list or union.

• The definition of a group results either in a group or group reference, depending on the setting of the Reference property.

When you load a schema into the Tamino Schema Editor or when you switch from code view to tree view, the Tamino Schema Editor determines each type of node on the basis of the schema constructs. It may happen that the type of an element cannot be determined and that the type "element unknown" is therefore used. This occurs when a type is referenced using the Datatype property and the Tamino Schema Editor does not recognize the declaration for this type. In this case, the Tamino Schema Editor cannot determine whether a simple element, an element with attributes or a complex element is referenced.

To insert an element in the schema tree

1. If code view is currently active, switch to one of the tree views.

2. In the schema tree, select the element below which you want to insert a new element.

3. From the Insert menu, choose the command which corresponds to the desired schema construct.

   For a description of all available commands and corresponding schema constructs, see Schema Tree Items Explained.

4. Specify all required properties for the element you have just inserted.

   For a description of all available properties, see Properties Explained.

Editing Properties

When you edit the logical and physical properties of a schema construct, different types of input fields are available in the Value column:

• Simple text box in which you enter text.

• Drop-down list box from which you select one of the allowed values. The drop-down arrow is only visible after the input field has been selected.

• A button for invoking a property editor in which you specify the required information (see below). The button is only visible after the input field has been selected.

Using the Property Editor

Some properties are specified using a property editor (for example, the logical property Enumeration which can be found in the Facets group tree).

To invoke the property editor

1. Select the input field in the Value column.

2. If provided, choose the following button:

   

   The Property Editor dialog box appears. For the Enumeration property, it looks as follows:

   

   The following buttons are provided:

   	Add a new item.
   	Delete the selected item.

3. Add/delete all required items.

4. Choose the OK button.

   The dialog box is closed and the information you have specified is shown in the Value column.

Namespaces

A property editor is provided for the logical property namespaces. This property is available for schemas and doctypes. For information on how to invoke a property editor and how to add items, see Using the Property Editor.

When you add a namespace, you have to specify a prefix and an URI. If a namespace is to be used as the target namespace, make sure that the corresponding option button in the Target column for the namespace is selected. It is only possible to use one or no target namespace.

Server Extensions

A property editor is provided for:

• the logical properties in the triggers (see Logical Properties for XML Elements), and

• the physical properties of the storage type Map XTension (see Properties for SXS Mapping).

For information on how to invoke a property editor, see Using the Property Editor.

To select a server extension

1. If this is the first time you are connecting to a server, the list box which usually contains a list of servers is empty. In this case, you have to proceed as described under Connecting to Tamino. This section also provides information on the buttons that are located next to the Look in drop-down list box.

2. Choose the required server.

   The databases on this server are now shown.

3. Choose the database on which the required server extension has been installed.

   The server extensions are now shown.

4. Select the server extension.

5. Choose the OK button.

   The name of the server extension is now shown in the Value column.

Documenting a Schema

You can document a schema by inserting annotations at any level within the schema. Within an annotation, the documentation element is used to provide the documentation text. The documentation text is added using a property editor.

To add annotation and documentation elements

1. In the schema tree, select the node to which you want to add documentation.

2. From the Insert menu, choose Annotation.

   This inserts an annotation as a child of the selected node. You can optionally assign an id value to it.

3. In the schema tree, select the annotation element.

4. From the Insert menu, choose Documentation.

   This inserts a documentation element as a child of the annotation. The documentation element is automatically selected and its logical properties are shown.

5. In the logical properties, select the Value column for the property Documentation text.

6. Choose the following button.

   

   The Property Editor dialog box appears.

7. Enter your annotation text.

   To start text on a new line, simply press ENTER.

   Using the commands from the Edit menu, you can cut, copy, paste, find and replace text. Further information on these features is provided later in this section.

8. Choose the OK button.

   The dialog box is closed and the information you have specified is shown in the Value column.

Specifying the Occurrence Constraints

You can define occurrence constraints for an element.

Exception: occurrence constraints cannot be defined for top-level elements.

In the schema tree, one of the following characters may appear to the right of an icon. These characters indicate the occurrence constraints.

Character	Description	Values
		Minimum occurrence	Maximum occurrence
?	Optional. Can only occur once.	0	1
1	Must occur exactly once.	1	1
*	Optional. Can be any number.	0	unbounded
+	Must occur at least once. Can be any number.	1	unbounded
n	Fixed values for Minimum occurrence and Maximum occurrence.	n	m

See the XML Schema Part 0: Primer, section 2.2.1 at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/#OccurrenceConstraints for more information on occurrence constraints.

To specify the occurrence constraints

1. In the schema tree, select the element for which you want to specify the occurrence constraints.

2. In the pane displaying the logical properties, select the value for the property Minimum occurrence or Maximum occurrence and select the required value from the drop-down list box.

   In the schema tree, a character indicating the new constraints is now shown next to the corresponding icon.

Declaring an Element as Optional, Required or Prohibited

Elements can be declared as optional, required or prohibited.

Exception: top-level elements cannot be declared as optional, required or prohibited.

In the schema tree, one of the following characters may appear to the right of an icon:

Character	Value
?	Optional
1	Required
0	Prohibited

See the XML Schema Part 0: Primer, section 2.2.1 at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/#OccurrenceConstraints for more information.

To declare an element as optional, required or prohibited

1. In the schema tree, select the desired element.

2. In the pane displaying the logical properties, select the value for the property use and select the required value from the drop-down list box.

   In the schema tree, one of the above characters is now shown next to the corresponding icon.

Displaying the Declaration for a Reference

You can immediately jump to the declaration for the selected reference.

To display the declaration for a reference

1. In the schema tree, select the desired reference.

2. From the Edit menu, choose Go to Declaration.

   Or:
   Press CTRL+ALT+PAGE-UP.

   Or:
   Choose the following toolbar button:

   

   The declaration is now selected in the schema tree.

Displaying the Next Reference

You can immediately jump to the next reference for the selected declaration, or to the next reference that matches the selected reference.

To display the next reference

1. In the schema tree, select either a declaration or reference.

2. From the Edit menu, choose Go to Next Reference.

   Or:
   Press CTRL+ALT+PAGE-DOWN.

   Or:
   Choose the following toolbar button:

   

   The next reference is now selected in the schema tree.

Moving an Element Up and Down in the Schema Tree

You can change the sequence of elements in the schema tree. You can move an element up or down, including all of its child nodes, within the allowed hierarchy in the schema.

To move up the selected element

• From the Edit menu, choose Move Up.

  Or:
  Press CTRL+ALT+UP-ARROW.

  Or:
  Choose the following toolbar button:

  

To move down the selected element

• From the Edit menu, choose Move Down.

  Or:
  Press CTRL+ALT+DOWN-ARROW.

  Or:
  Choose the following toolbar button:

  

Cutting, Copying and Pasting Information

You can cut, copy and paste the following:

• A node in the schema tree, including all child nodes. A node is treated as a fragmental XML document.

• A logical or physical property value where direct text input is possible (for example, a name or ID).

• Text in code view or in a property editor.

It is also possible to copy an entire message line from the output panel, for example, to another application.

To cut the selection and transfer it to the clipboard

• From the Edit menu, choose Cut.

  Or:
  Press CTRL+X.

  Or:
  Choose the following toolbar button:

  

  The selection is deleted at its original position and is copied to the clipboard.

To copy the selection to the clipboard

• From the Edit menu, choose Copy.

  Or:
  Press CTRL+C.

  Or:
  Choose the following toolbar button:

  

  The selection remains at its original position and is copied to the clipboard.

To paste the content of the clipboard

1. In tree view, select the node below which you want to paste the information from the clipboard.

   In tree view, it is only possible to paste information at a position which syntactically fits into the schema definition.

   Or:
   In the logical or physical properties, select the value field to which you want to paste the previously cut or copied information. If required, move the insertion point to the required position.

   Or:
   In code view, place the insertion point at the position at which you want to paste the previously cut or copied information.

2. From the Edit menu, choose Paste.

   Or:
   Press CTRL+V.

   Or:
   Choose the following toolbar button:

   

   In tree view, the Tamino Schema Editor tries to insert the previously cut or copied node below the selected node. If single nodes cannot be inserted (because they are not allowed at this point of the schema or because the Tamino Schema Editor cannot handle them), they will be lost and a warning will be written to the output panel.

   In the logical or physical properties, the previously cut or copied information is inserted in the selected value field.

   In code view, the previously cut or copied information is inserted at the insertion point. There is no immediate validity check. However, any errors are reported in the output panel when you try to switch to one of the code views.

Using Drag-and-Drop

You can copy or move information in the schema tree using drag-and-drop. Since drag-and-drop can only be used within the schema tree, the origin of a node to be pasted is known and can be parsed prior to insertion. Thus, it is only possible to drop a node at a position in the tree where it is allowed. As long as you are dragging a node, the mouse pointer always indicates whether a node can be dropped or not.

As long as you are dragging a node, you can use the following features:

• Place the mouse pointer briefly over a node which is preceded by a plus sign. This expands the node so that you can examine its contents.

• Place the mouse pointer briefly over the upper or lower border of the pane containing the schema tree. This scrolls the top or bottom of the schema tree into view.

To copy a node to another position in the tree

1. In tree view, click the node to be copied and hold down the mouse button.

2. Hold down CTRL.

3. Drag the node to another position in the tree at which it can be dropped.

   When the node can be dropped, the mouse pointer shows a rectangle containing a plus sign.

4. Release the mouse button and then CTRL.

   The node is copied to the new position.

To move a node to another position in the tree

1. In tree view, click the node to be moved and hold down the mouse button. Do not press any key.

2. Drag the node to another position in the tree at which it can be dropped.

   When the node can be dropped, the mouse pointer shows an empty rectangle.

3. Release the mouse button.

   The node is moved to the new position.

Copying the Path to the Clipboard

You can copy the path for the currently selected element or attribute to the clipboard. It is copied as an XPath expression. This is helpful, for example, if you want to use the path in the physical properties of a node that can be accessed via multiple paths (see Advanced Physical Properties), or if you want to copy the path to another application.

The format of the path depends on the setting of the form property for the selected element or attribute:

• When the form property is set to "qualified", the prefix from the target namespace definition is used.

  Example for an element:

  /myPrefix:Telephone/myPrefix:Lastname

  Example for an attribute:

  /myPrefix:Telephone/@myPrefix:EntryID

• When the form property is set to "unqualified", a prefix is not used.

  Example for an element:

  /myPrefix:Telephone/Lastname

  Example for an attribute:

  /myPrefix:Telephone/@EntryID

• When a value has not been defined for the form property, the value ("qualified" or "unqualified") defined for one of the following schema properties is used:

  • elementFormDefault in the case of an element.

  • attributeFormDefault in the case of an attribute.

To copy the path to the clipboard

1. In tree view, select the desired element or attribute.

2. From the Edit menu, choose Copy Path.

   The path is copied to the clipboard. You can now use the Paste command to insert the path at the desired position.

Deleting Information

You can delete the following:

• A node in the schema tree, including all child nodes.

• Text in code view.

To delete the selection

• From the Edit menu, choose Delete.

  Or:
  Press DEL.

  Or:
  Choose the following toolbar button:

  

  The selection is deleted immediately. You are not asked to confirm the deletion.

  However, when you delete a referenced element, group or attribute group in tree view, a dialog box appears, asking whether you also want to delete the references to the deleted node. When you choose the Yes button, you confirm the deletion.

  When you delete a type, all schema elements using the deleted type are listed in the output panel. Hyperlinks are provided. When you choose a hyperlink, the node which uses the deleted type is selected in the schema tree. It is your responsibility to define an existing type.

Renaming an Item in the Schema Tree

You can rename elements, types, groups and attribute groups in the schema tree. When an item cannot be renamed (for example, an element reference), the Rename command is not available.

To rename an element in the schema tree

1. Select the tree element that you want to rename.

2. From the Edit menu, choose Rename.

   Or:
   In the pane displaying the logical properties, select the value for the property name.

   Or:
   In the context menu of the selected tree element, choose Rename.

3. Specify the new name.

4. Press ENTER or click any other position in the application window.

   When you rename an element, type, group or attribute group, a dialog box appears for each node in the schema tree which uses the renamed item, and you are asked whether you want to adapt the corresponding property for this node. When you choose the Yes button, the property value is renamed.

Finding and Replacing Information

You can find and replace a node, property or string within the current schema.

To find information

1. In the schema tree, select the node that is to be the starting point for your search.

   Or:
   In code view, place the insertion point at the position that is to be the starting point for your search.

2. From the Edit menu, choose Find.

   Or:
   Press CTRL+F.

   Or:
   Choose the following toolbar button:

   

   The Find dialog box appears. The information that can be specified in the dialog box depends on the view in which it has been invoked. The Find dialog box appears in tree view.

   

   Note:
   When you invoke this dialog box in code view or from a property editor, the drop-down list boxes Node and Property and the check box Match whole property value are not shown.

3. Specify all required search criteria:

   Node

   Not available in code view.

   This drop-down list box provides for selection all elements that may occur in a schema (for example, a simple element or annotation).

   Property

   Not available in code view.

   This drop-down list box provides for selection all properties that are valid for the selected node (for example, a name or ID). For information concerning the possible entries, see Properties Explained.

   String

   This drop-down list box provides for selection the search strings that you have previously entered. You can also enter a new string.

   Match case

   When this check box is selected, the search is case-sensitive.

   Match whole property value

   Not available in code view.

   When this check box is selected, the search is restricted to matching whole values only. This is useful for searching for "a" or "A" without finding all words including "a".

   Wrap around

   When this check box is selected, the complete schema is searched, even if your starting point for the search is in the middle of the schema.

   Direction

   Select the option button Up or Down to search the schema in the desired direction.

4. Choose the Find Next button.

   If the specified information is found in tree view, the node containing this information is expanded and the found element is selected.

   If the specified information is found in code view, it is selected.

5. To find the next occurrence, choose the Find Next button once more.

   Or:
   Find the next or previous occurrence as described below; see Finding the Next or Previous Occurrence.

6. To close the dialog box, choose the Close button.

To replace information

1. In the schema tree, select the node that is to be the starting point for your search.

   Or:
   In code view, place the insertion point at the position that is to be the starting point for your search.

2. From the Edit menu, choose Replace.

   Or:
   Press CTRL+R.

   The Replace dialog box appears. The information that can be specified in the dialog box depends on the view in which it has been invoked. The Replace dialog box appears in tree view.

   

   This dialog box contains the same options as the Find dialog box. It contains an additional drop-down list box in which you enter the replace string, and it contains additional command buttons.

   Note:
   When you invoke this dialog box in code view or from a property editor, the drop-down list boxes Node and Property and the check box Match whole property value are not shown.

3. Specify all required search criteria. See the above description of the Find dialog box for detailed information.

4. Specify the string with which a found occurrence is to be replaced.

5. To replace all occurrences that match your search criteria at once, choose the Replace All button.

   If Wrap around has not been specified, only the occurrences between the current position and the end or start of the schema (depending on the specified direction) are replaced.

   Note:
   The Replace All button only replaces those occurrences that are allowed to be replaced with the current replace string. Strings that have not been replaced are reported in the output panel.

   Or:
   To replace one occurrence after the other, choose the Find Next button. This selects the next occurrence and you can now choose the Replace button, or the Find Next button if you do not want to replace the current occurrence.

   Note:
   The Find Next button only finds those occurrences that are allowed to be replaced with the current replace string.

6. To close the dialog box, choose the Close button.

Finding the Next or Previous Occurrence

The commands for finding the next or previous occurrence always use the information that has previously been entered in the Find or Replace dialog box (see Finding and Replacing Information). This is helpful, if these dialog boxes have been closed.

You can use these commands in both tree view and code view. If the occurrence is found in tree view, the node containing this occurrence is expanded and the occurrence is selected. If the occurrence is found in code view, it is selected.

To find the next occurrence

• From the Edit menu, choose Find Next.

  Or:
  Press F3.

To find the previous occurrence

• From the Edit menu, choose Find Previous.

  Or:
  Press SHIFT+F3.

Undoing and Redoing the Previous Action

You can undo and redo your previous actions in the current view.

To undo the previous action

• From the Edit menu, choose Undo.

  Or:
  Press CTRL+Z.

  Or:
  Choose the following toolbar button:

  

To redo the previous undo action

• From the Edit menu, choose Redo.

  Or:
  Press CTRL+Y.

  Or:
  Choose the following toolbar button:

  

Defining the Options

You can define the options for external schemas.

To open the Options dialog, choose Tools > Options

HTTP Proxy Options

The address (host name and port number) for your proxy server has to be defined in the following cases:

• When a referenced schema is to be opened in a new window via HTTP. See Opening a Referenced Schema in a New Window.

• When elements from an external schema are to be loaded via HTTP. See Loading and Unloading the Elements from an External Schema.

File Extension

When you import an external schema, Tamino requires that the schema location is relative, i.e. an extension must not be defined.

When a default file extension has been defined, an external schema for which a file extension has not been defined is automatically opened or loaded from the file system using the default file extension that has been defined in this dialog box.

Browsing for a Schema Location

When an Import, Include or Redefine node is available in the schema tree, you can define the disk location where the appropriate schema component is located. A file system browser is available for navigation to the required location. The location path is subsequently stored in the logical property Schema location of the Import, Include or Redefine node.

To browse for a schema location

1. Select the Import, Include or Redefine node in the schema tree.

2. Select the logical property Schema location.

3. Position the cursor in the Value field next to Schema location.

   To the right of the Value field, a browse button () appears.

4. Select the Browse button. The dialog box Browse for Base of Location is displayed.

5. Browse to the schema file and choose the Open button.

   The value of the logical property Schema location is inserted into the Value field of the Schema Editor.

Opening a Referenced Schema in a New Window

When an Import, Include or Redefine node is available in the schema tree and the logical property Schema location has been specified, you can open the referenced schema in a new instance of the Tamino Schema Editor.

When you modify one of the schemas, this has no effect on the other schema.

To open the referenced schema in a new instance of the Tamino Schema Editor

1. In the schema tree, select an Import, Include or Redefine node.

2. From the Tools menu, choose External Schema > Open.

   Note:
   The command Open is only available, if a location has been specified with the property Schema location.

   A cascading menu with the following commands is available when a relative path has been specified in the Schema location property:

   • From File System

   • From Database

   When an absolute path to the file system or to a database has been specified, a cascading menu with the above commands is not available. In this case, the referenced schema is opened in the same way as the current schema: it is either loaded from the file system or from the database.

Loading and Unloading the Elements from an External Schema

When an Import, Include or Redefine node is available in the schema tree and the logical property Schema location has been specified, you can load the elements from the referenced external schema into the internal model, in addition to the current schema. The global elements or types of the external schema can then be selected from a drop-down list box in the logical properties (properties Reference, Datatype, Base type, itemType and memberTypes).

The external schema itself is not visible in the Tamino Schema Editor.

The Tamino Schema Editor uses the global types information of the external schema to represent the elements that use these types with the correct icon in the schema tree. In the case of <xs:element type="userDefinedType"/> , the editor can thus decide whether to show the element as "Element simple", "Element with attributes" or "Element complex". When an external schema has been loaded, each "Element unknown" for which the type is defined in the external schema is shown with the corresponding icon. When the external schema has been unloaded, these elements are shown again as "Element unknown".

The Tamino Schema Editor does not automatically receive updates to the external schema. If you want to work with the updated schema, you have to unload the schema and then load it once more.

To load the elements from an external schema

1. In the schema tree, select an Import, Include or Redefine node.

2. From the Tools menu, choose External Schema > Load.

   Note:
   The command Load is only available, if a location has been specified with the property Schema location.

   A cascading menu with the following commands is available when a relative path has been specified in the Schema location property:

   • From File System

   • From Database

   When an absolute path to the file system or to a database has been specified, a cascading menu with the above commands is not available. In this case, you can directly choose the Load command.

   An external schema can only be loaded when it does not contain any errors.

   When the elements of the external schema have been loaded, a small triangle is shown to the right of the icon for the Import, Include or Redefine node.