This document describes how to use the statements
DISPLAY and
WRITE to output data
and control the format in which information is output.
The following topics are covered:
The DISPLAY
statement produces output in column format; that is, the values for one field
are output in a column underneath one another. If multiple fields are output,
that is, if multiple columns are produced, these columns are output next to one
another horizontally.
The order in which fields are displayed is determined by the sequence in
which you specify the field names in the DISPLAY statement.
The DISPLAY statement in the following program displays for
each person first the personnel number, then the name and then the job
title:
** Example 'DISPLX01': DISPLAY ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 PERSONNEL-ID 2 NAME 2 BIRTH 2 JOB-TITLE END-DEFINE * READ (3) VIEWEMP BY BIRTH DISPLAY PERSONNEL-ID NAME JOB-TITLE END-READ END
Output of Program DISPLX01:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:54 PERSONNEL NAME CURRENT ID POSITION --------- -------------------- ------------------------- 30020013 GARRET TYPIST 30016112 TAILOR WAREHOUSEMAN 20017600 PIETSCH SECRETARY
To change the order of the columns that appear in the output report,
simply reorder the field names in the DISPLAY statement. For example,
if you prefer to list employee names first, then job titles followed by
personnel numbers, the appropriate DISPLAY statement would be:
** Example 'DISPLX02': DISPLAY ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 PERSONNEL-ID 2 NAME 2 BIRTH 2 JOB-TITLE END-DEFINE * READ (3) VIEWEMP BY BIRTH DISPLAY NAME JOB-TITLE PERSONNEL-ID END-READ END
Output of Program DISPLX02:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:54
NAME CURRENT PERSONNEL
POSITION ID
-------------------- ------------------------- ---------
GARRET TYPIST 30020013
TAILOR WAREHOUSEMAN 30016112
PIETSCH SECRETARY 20017600
A header is output above each column. Various ways to influence this header are described in the document Column Headers.
The WRITE
statement is used to produce output in free format (that is, not in columns).
In contrast to the DISPLAY statement, the
following applies to the WRITE statement:
If necessary, it automatically creates a line advance; that is, a field or text element that does not fit onto the current output line, is automatically output in the next line.
It does not produce any headers.
The values of a multiple-value field are output next to one another horizontally, and not underneath one another.
The two example programs shown below illustrate the basic differences
between the DISPLAY
statement and the WRITE
statement.
You can also use the two statements in combination with one another, as described later in the document Vertical Displays, Combining DISPLAY and WRITE.
** Example 'DISPLX03': DISPLAY ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 NAME 2 FIRST-NAME 2 SALARY (1:3) END-DEFINE * READ (2) VIEWEMP BY NAME STARTING FROM 'JONES' DISPLAY NAME FIRST-NAME SALARY (1:3) END-READ END
Output of Program DISPLX03:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:54
NAME FIRST-NAME ANNUAL
SALARY
-------------------- -------------------- ----------
JONES VIRGINIA 46000
42300
39300
JONES MARSHA 50000
46000
42700
** Example 'WRITEX01': WRITE ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 NAME 2 FIRST-NAME 2 SALARY (1:3) END-DEFINE * READ (2) VIEWEMP BY NAME STARTING FROM 'JONES' WRITE NAME FIRST-NAME SALARY (1:3) END-READ END
Output of Program WRITEX01:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:55 JONES VIRGINIA 46000 42300 39300 JONES MARSHA 50000 46000 42700
By default, the columns output with a DISPLAY statement are separated
from one another by one space.
With the session parameter SF, you can specify the
default number of spaces to be inserted between columns output with a
DISPLAY statement. You can set the number of spaces to any value
from 1 to 30.
The parameter can be specified with a FORMAT statement to apply to the
whole report, or with a DISPLAY statement at statement
level, but not at element level.
With the nX
notation in the DISPLAY statement, you can specify the number of
spaces (n) to be inserted between two columns. An
nX notation overrides the specification
made with the SF parameter.
** Example 'DISPLX04': DISPLAY (with nX) ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 PERSONNEL-ID 2 NAME 2 BIRTH 2 JOB-TITLE END-DEFINE * FORMAT SF=3 READ (3) VIEWEMP BY BIRTH DISPLAY PERSONNEL-ID NAME 5X JOB-TITLE END-READ END
Output of Program DISPLX04:
The above example program produces the following output, where the first
two columns are separated by 3 spaces due to the
SF parameter
in the FORMAT statement, while the second and third columns are
separated by 5 spaces due to the notation 5X in the
DISPLAY statement:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:54 PERSONNEL NAME CURRENT ID POSITION --------- -------------------- ------------------------- 30020013 GARRET TYPIST 30016112 TAILOR WAREHOUSEMAN 20017600 PIETSCH SECRETARY
The nX notation is also
available with the WRITE statement to insert spaces
between individual output elements:
WRITE PERSONNEL-ID 5X NAME 3X JOB-TITLE
With the above statement, 5 spaces will be inserted between the fields
PERSONNEL-ID and NAME, and 3 spaces between
NAME and JOB-TITLE.
With the nT
notation, which is available with the DISPLAY and the
WRITE statement, you
can specify the position where an output element is to be output.
** Example 'DISPLX05': DISPLAY (with nT) ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 NAME 2 FIRST-NAME END-DEFINE * READ (3) VIEWEMP BY NAME STARTING FROM 'JONES' DISPLAY 5T NAME 30T FIRST-NAME END-READ END
Output of Program DISPLX05:
The above program produces the following output, where the field
NAME is output starting in the 5th position (counted from the left
margin of the page), and the field FIRST-NAME starting in the 30th
position:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:54
NAME FIRST-NAME
-------------------- --------------------
JONES VIRGINIA
JONES MARSHA
JONES ROBERT
With a slash (/) in a DISPLAY or
WRITE statement, you
cause a line advance.
In a DISPLAY statement, a slash causes a line advance
between fields and within text.
In a WRITE statement, a slash causes a line advance only
when placed between fields; within text, it is treated like an
ordinary text character.
When placed between fields, the slash must have a blank on either side.
For multiple line advances, you specify multiple slashes.
** Example 'DISPLX06': DISPLAY (with slash '/') ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 NAME 2 FIRST-NAME 2 DEPARTMENT END-DEFINE * READ (3) VIEWEMP BY NAME STARTING FROM 'JONES' DISPLAY NAME / FIRST-NAME 'DEPART-/MENT' DEPARTMENT END-READ END
Output of Program DISPLX06:
The above DISPLAY statement produces a line advance after
each value of the field NAME and within the text
DEPART-MENT:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:54
NAME DEPART-
FIRST-NAME MENT
-------------------- -------
JONES SALE
VIRGINIA
JONES MGMT
MARSHA
JONES TECH
ROBERT
** Example 'WRITEX02': WRITE (with line advance) ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VIEWEMP VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 NAME 2 FIRST-NAME 2 DEPARTMENT END-DEFINE * READ (3) VIEWEMP BY NAME STARTING FROM 'JONES' WRITE NAME / FIRST-NAME 'DEPART-/MENT' DEPARTMENT // END-READ END
Output of Program WRITEX02:
The above WRITE statement produces a line advance after
each value of the field NAME, and a double line advance after each
value of the field DEPARTMENT, but none within the text
DEPART-/MENT:
Page 1 04-11-11 14:15:55 JONES VIRGINIA DEPART-/MENT SALE JONES MARSHA DEPART-/MENT MGMT JONES ROBERT DEPART-/MENT TECH
** Example 'DISPLX21': DISPLAY (usage of slash '/' in DISPLAY and WRITE)
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL
1 EMPLOY-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES
2 CITY
2 NAME
2 FIRST-NAME
2 ADDRESS-LINE (1)
END-DEFINE
*
WRITE TITLE LEFT JUSTIFIED UNDERLINED
*TIME
5X 'PEOPLE LIVING IN SALT LAKE CITY'
21X 'PAGE:' *PAGE-NUMBER /
15X 'AS OF' *DAT4E //
*
WRITE TRAILER UNDERLINED 'REGISTER OF' / 'SALT LAKE CITY'
*
READ (2) EMPLOY-VIEW WITH CITY = 'SALT LAKE CITY'
DISPLAY NAME /
FIRST-NAME
'HOME/CITY' CITY
'STREET/OR BOX NO.' ADDRESS-LINE (1)
SKIP 1
END-READ
END
Output of Program DISPLX21:
14:15:54.6 PEOPLE LIVING IN SALT LAKE CITY PAGE: 1
AS OF 11/11/2004
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME HOME STREET
FIRST-NAME CITY OR BOX NO.
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
ANDERSON SALT LAKE CITY 3701 S. GEORGE MASON
JENNY
SAMUELSON SALT LAKE CITY 7610 W. 86TH STREET
MARTIN
REGISTER OF
SALT LAKE CITY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See the following example programs: