Examples

The following examples are included:

Serialize Copycode
Generated Natural Data Area
Natural DTD Parser
Generated Type Definition
Parser CALLBACK Copycode

Serialize Copycode

Using the XML Toolkit, a copycode can be generated that can be used to convert a Natural group structure into an XML document.

The callback copycode takes the following operands:

Operand

Format/Length

Description

from PARSER-X

ex-XPATH to represent element structure

operand2

Type of the XPATH content:

?	Processing instruction
D	DOCTYPE
!	Comment
C	CDATA section
T	Starting Tag
@	Attribute
/	Close Tag

operand3

Parsed Data

operand4

Is TRUE if Parsed Data is empty

operand5

Counter Variable 1st Dimension

Counter Variable 2nd Dimension

Counter Variable 3rd Dimension

Copycode Example EMPL-C:

* 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- * Parameter 
Definition * * &1& 'XML' /* XML Document * &2& '#CX' /* Counter 
Variable 1st Dimension * &3& '#CY' /* Counter Variable 2nd Dimension * 
&4& '#CZ' /* Counter Variable 3rd Dimension * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
* DTD E-\SAG\nat\NATAPPS\FUSER\XMLTK\RES\empl.dtd COMPRESS &1& '<EMPLOYEE' 
' PERSONNEL-ID="'EMPLOYEE.PERSONNEL-ID '"' '>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO 
/* now the children COMPRESS &1& '<FULL-NAME' '>' INTO &1& 
LEAVING NO /* now the children COMPRESS &1& '<FIRST-NAME' '>' EMPLOYEE.FIRST-NAME 
'</FIRST-NAME>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO COMPRESS &1& '<NAME' 
'>' EMPLOYEE.NAME '</NAME>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO /* COMPRESS &1& 
'</FULL-NAME>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO COMPRESS &1& '<FULL-ADDRESS' 
'>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO /* now the children FOR &2& = 1 TO 
EMPLOYEE.C@ADDRESS-LINE COMPRESS &1& '<ADDRESS-LINE' '>' EMPLOYEE.ADDRESS-LINE(&2&) 
'</ADDRESS-LINE>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO END-FOR COMPRESS &1& 
'<CITY' '>' EMPLOYEE.CITY '</CITY>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO COMPRESS 
&1& '<ZIP' '>' EMPLOYEE.ZIP '</ZIP>' INTO &1& LEAVING 
NO COMPRESS &1& '<COUNTRY' '>' EMPLOYEE.COUNTRY '</COUNTRY>' 
INTO &1& LEAVING NO /* COMPRESS &1& '</FULL-ADDRESS>' INTO 
&1& LEAVING NO COMPRESS &1& '<TELEPHONE' '>' INTO &1& 
LEAVING NO /* now the children COMPRESS &1& '<PHONE' '>' EMPLOYEE.PHONE 
'</PHONE>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO COMPRESS &1& '<AREA-CODE' 
'>' EMPLOYEE.AREA-CODE '</AREA-CODE>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO /* 
COMPRESS &1& '</TELEPHONE>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO COMPRESS 
&1& '<JOB-TITLE' '>' EMPLOYEE.JOB-TITLE '</JOB-TITLE>' INTO 
&1& LEAVING NO FOR &2& = 1 TO EMPLOYEE.C@INCOME COMPRESS &1& 
'<INCOME' '>' INTO &1& LEAVING NO /* now the children COMPRESS &1& 
'<SALARY' '>' EMPLOYEE.SALARY(&2&) '</SALARY>' INTO &1& 
LEAVING NO FOR &3& = 1 TO EMPLOYEE.C@BONUS(&2&) COMPRESS &1& 
'<BONUS' '>' EMPLOYEE.BONUS(&2&,&3&) '</BONUS>' INTO 
&1& LEAVING NO END-FOR /* COMPRESS &1& '</INCOME>' INTO 
&1& LEAVING NO END-FOR /* COMPRESS &1& '</EMPLOYEE>' INTO 
&1& LEAVING NO

Program Example:

* 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- * CLASS 
NATURAL XML TOOLKIT * * * DESCRIPTION * Serialize a given Data structure. * * 
* AUTHOR SAG * * (c) Copyright Software AG. All 
rights reserved. * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
* DEFINE DATA 
LOCAL USING EMPL /* add generated data structure LOCAL 1 
XML (A) DYNAMIC * 1 OUT (A72) 1 II (I4) * 1 OUTDYN (A) DYNAMIC 1 OBJLEN (I4) 1 
OBJEND (I4) 1 OBJSTART (I4) 1 OBJLINE (I4) * 1 #CX (I4) 1 #CY (I4) 1 #CZ (I4) 
END-DEFINE * EMPLOYEE.PERSONNEL-ID := 4711 * EMPLOYEE.FIRST-NAME := "ADKINSON" 
EMPLOYEE.NAME := "MARTHA" * EMPLOYEE.C@ADDRESS-LINE := 2 EMPLOYEE.ADDRESS-LINE(1) 
:= "8603 GARLAND COURT" EMPLOYEE.ADDRESS-LINE(2) := "FRAMINGHAM" EMPLOYEE.ADDRESS-LINE(2) 
:= "MA" EMPLOYEE.CITY := "FRAMINGHAM" EMPLOYEE.ZIP := "17010" EMPLOYEE.COUNTRY 
:= "USA" * EMPLOYEE.AREA-CODE := "617" EMPLOYEE.PHONE := "210-4703" * EMPLOYEE.JOB-TITLE 
:= "MANAGER" EMPLOYEE.C@INCOME := 2 EMPLOYEE.SALARY(1) := 47000 EMPLOYEE.C@BONUS(1) 
:= 2 EMPLOYEE.BONUS(1,1) := 10500 EMPLOYEE.BONUS(1,2) := 7875 * EMPLOYEE.SALARY(2) 
:= 47000 EMPLOYEE.C@BONUS(2) := 1 EMPLOYEE.BONUS(2,1) := 35700 * 
INCLUDE EMPL-C 
"XML" "#CX" "#CY" "#CZ" /* add generated Serialize * FOR II = 1 TO *LENGTH(XML) 
STEP 72 OUT := SUBSTR(XML,II) WRITE OUT END-FOR * NEWPAGE * /* WRITE COMPLETE 
(A) DYNAMIC VARIABLE IF POSSIBLE USE CR AND IGNORE LF OBJSTART := 1 * EXAMINE 
xml FOR "><" REPLACE WITH ">" - H'0A' -"<" EXAMINE xml FOR H'0A' GIVING 
POSITION OBJEND * REPEAT WHILE OBJEND NE 0 /* IF OBJSTART GT 0 THEN ADD OBJSTART 
TO OBJEND END-IF /* OBJLEN := OBJEND - OBJSTART -1 /* IF OBJLEN > 0 THEN OUTDYN 
:= SUBSTRING(xml, OBJSTART, OBJLEN) /* FOR OBJLINE = 1 TO *LENGTH(OUTDYN) STEP 
72 OUT := SUBSTR (OUTDYN,OBJLINE) WRITE OUT END-FOR ELSE WRITE " " END-IF /* OBJSTART 
:= OBJEND IF OBJSTART GT *LENGTH(xml) ESCAPE BOTTOM END-IF /* EXAMINE SUBSTRING(xml,OBJSTART) 
FOR H'0A' GIVING POSITION OBJEND END-REPEAT * END

Natural PDA EMPL Used:

DEFINE DATA PARAMETER 1 EMPLOYEE 2 ATTRIBUTES_OF_EMPLOYEE 
3 PERSONNEL-ID(A8) * 2 FULL-NAME 3 FIRST-NAME(A20) 3 NAME(A20) * 2 FULL-ADDRESS 
3 C@ADDRESS-LINE(I4) 3 ADDRESS-LINE(A20/1:6) 3 CITY(A20) 3 ZIP(A20) 3 COUNTRY(A3) 
* 2 TELEPHONE 3 AREA-CODE(A6) 3 PHONE(A15) * 2 JOB-TITLE(A25) * 2 C@INCOME(I4) 
2 INCOME(1:6) 3 SALARY(A9) 3 C@BONUS(I4) 3 BONUS(A9/1:4) END-DEFINE

Generated Natural Data Area

Using the XML Toolkit, a Natural Data Area, or more precisely a Local Data Area, Parameter Data Area or Global Data Area, can be generated that represents a given Document Type Definition.

Generation Rules:

Each Empty Element without Attributes (<!ELEMENT br EMPTY>) is generated as a Natural variable of Type B1. This is necessary, because empty Natural groups are not allowed.
Each Empty Element with Attributes (<!ELEMENT br EMPTY><!ATTLIST br width CDATA #IMPLIED>) is generated as a Natural group.
Each Element with content (<!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)> )is generated as a Natural variable of type A253.
Each Sequence of Elements (<!ELEMENT spec (front, body*, back?)>) or Choice of Elements (<!ELEMENT div1 (p | list | note)>) is generated as a Natural group.
Each clasped Sequence or Choice (<!ELEMENT address ( (street, housenumber), (zip, city) )>) is generated as a special group with the name prefix "##PSEUDO". This gives the possibility to represent the context or possible multiplicities.
Each Attribute (<!ATTLIST br width CDATA #IMPLIED>) of an Element is generated as variable of Type A253 belonging to a group with the name prefix "ATTRIBUTES_OF_" followed by the name of the element.
Multiple Elements are always generated as arrays of Dimension 1:v. The upper bound of the generated array has to be changed manually.
If an Element is defined multiple (<!ELEMENT spec (front, body*)>), an additional counter field C@BODY, is generated to specify the number of available elements.
All names used inside the DTD are converted into upper case, because Natural names are not case sensitive. Duplicate names inside a generated group will be a extended with an suffix to make the names unique.
Special Characters not valid for Natural names are converted into valid Natural names. For the conversion settings, see the option dialog of the XML Toolkit.

Restrictions:

Elements with Mixed content data (<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | a | ul | b | i | em)*>) are not supported.
DTDs that result in Natural data structures can not be used within Natural, because Natural only supports data structures with a maximum of three dimensions.

Example DTD:

<!ELEMENT EMPLOYEE  (FULL-NAME , FULL-ADDRESS , TELEPHONE ,JOB-TITLE, INCOME* )>
<!ATTLIST EMPLOYEE PERSONNEL-ID CDATA  #REQUIRED >

<!ELEMENT FULL-NAME  (FIRST-NAME , NAME )>
<!ELEMENT FIRST-NAME  (#PCDATA )>
<!ELEMENT NAME  (#PCDATA )>

<!ELEMENT FULL-ADDRESS  (ADDRESS-LINE* , CITY , ZIP , COUNTRY )>
<!ELEMENT ADDRESS-LINE  (#PCDATA )>
<!ELEMENT CITY  (#PCDATA )>
<!ELEMENT ZIP  (#PCDATA )>
<!ELEMENT COUNTRY  (#PCDATA )>

<!ELEMENT TELEPHONE  (PHONE , AREA-CODE )>
<!ELEMENT PHONE  (#PCDATA )>
<!ELEMENT AREA-CODE  (#PCDATA )>

<!ELEMENT JOB-TITLE (#PCDATA )>

<!ELEMENT INCOME  (SALARY , BONUS* )>
<!ELEMENT SALARY  (#PCDATA )>
<!ELEMENT BONUS  (#PCDATA )>

Generated Natural Data Area (italic written parts of the DTD, but necessary for Natural):

DEFINE DATA PARAMETER
1 EMPLOYEE
  2 ATTRIBUTES_OF_EMPLOYEE
    3 PERSONNEL-ID(A253)
*
  2 FULL-NAME
    3 FIRST-NAME(A253)
    3 NAME(A253)
*
  2 FULL-ADDRESS
    3 C@ADDRESS-LINE(I4)
    3 ADDRESS-LINE(A253/1:v)
    3 CITY(A253)
    3 ZIP(A253)
    3 COUNTRY(A253)
*
  2 TELEPHONE
    3 AREA-CODE(A253)
    3 PHONE(A253)
*
  2 JOB-TITLE(A253)
*
  2 C@INCOME(I4)
  2 INCOME(1:v)
    3 SALARY(A253)
    3 C@BONUS(I4)
    3 BONUS(A253/1:v)
END-DEFINE

Natural DTD Parser

Translation Rules:

Natural	Document Type Definiton
1 G1 2 E1 (Aâ€¦)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)>
1 G1 2 E1 (Aâ€¦) 2 E2 (Aâ€¦) 2 E3 (Aâ€¦)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1, E2, E3)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT E2 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT E3 (#PCDATA)>
1 C@E1_MAX (I4) CONST <10> 1 G1 2 C@E1 (I4) 2 E1 (Aâ€¦/1:C@E1_MAX)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1*)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)>
1 C@E1_MAX (I4) CONST <10> 1 G1 2 C@E1 (I4) 2 E1 (Aâ€¦/1:C@E1_MAX)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1+)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)>
1 G1 2 E1 (Aâ€¦)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1?)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)>
1 G1 2 E1 (Aâ€¦) 2 E2 (Aâ€¦) 2 E3 (Aâ€¦)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1\| E2\| E3)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT E2 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT E3 (#PCDATA)>
1 G1 2 E1 (Aâ€¦) 2 E2 (Aâ€¦) 2 G2 2 E1_2 (Aâ€¦) 2 E3 (Aâ€¦)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1, E2, G2)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT E2 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT G2 (E1, E3)> <!ELEMENT E3 (#PCDATA)>
1 #G1 2 #E1 (Aâ€¦)	<!ELEMENT G1 (E1)> <!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)>
2 E1 (Aâ€¦) 3 ATTRIBUTES_OF_E1 4 A1 (Aâ€¦) CONST <'schema'> 4 A2 (Aâ€¦) 4 A3 (Aâ€¦)	<!ELEMENT E1 (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST E1 A1 #FIXED "schema" A2 NMTOKEN #IMPLIED A3 ID #REQUIRED>

Generated Type Definition

Using the XML Toolkit, a Natural Data Area, or more precisely a Local Data Area, Parameter Data Area or Global Data Area, can be used to generate a Document Type Definition.

Generation Rules:

A Natural variable will result in an element with content.
A Natural group will result in a sequence of elements.
Multiple variables or groups will be generated with multiplicity "zero or more".
Special characters not valid for XML names are converted into valid names. For the conversion settings, see the options screen of the XML Toolkit.

Example Natural Data Area:

DEFINE DATA LOCAL
1 NAT$EMPLOYEE
  2 ATTRIBUTES_OF_NAT$EMPLOYEE
    3 PERSONNEL/ID(A8)
  2 C@MAN@WORK(I4)
  2 MAN@WORK
    3 JOB(A10)
  2 A$TEST$MAKL(I4)
  2 AS/FA/SD(P7.5)
  2 #ASDFAS(F4)
  2 ASF#AS(N9)
  2 A-SF-D(A) Dynamic
  2 INC@OME(1:6)
    3 C@BONUS(I4)
    3 BONUS(A9/1:4)
END-DEFINE

Generated DTD:

<!-- DTD XMLTOOLS BEISP --> 
<!ELEMENT NATdollarEMPLOYEE ( MANatWORK , AdollarTESTdollarMAKL , 
           ASslashFAslashSD , hashASDFAS , ASFhashAS , A-SF-D , INCatOME* ) > 
<!ATTLIST NATdollarEMPLOYEE PERSONNELslashID CDATA #IMPLIED > 
<!ELEMENT MANatWORK ( JOB ) > 
<!ELEMENT JOB (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT AdollarTESTdollarMAKL (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT ASslashFAslashSD (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT hashASDFAS (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT ASFhashAS (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT A-SF-D (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT INCatOME ( BONUS* ) > 
<!ELEMENT BONUS (#PCDATA) >

Parser CALLBACK Copycode

Using the XML Toolkit, a copycode can be generated that can be used with the Natural S imple XML Pars er.