WORK - Work-File Assignments

This Natural profile parameter specifies the maximum number of work files to be used during the session. It corresponds to the NTWORK macro in the Natural parameter module.

Possible settings See WORK Parameter Syntax.  
Default setting See default values of the keyword subparameters described below.   Depending on the access method and the environment, there may be different default settings.  
Dynamic specification yes The parameter WORK can only be specified dynamically. In the Natural parameter module, the macro NTWORK must be used.
Specification within session no  

Notes:

  1. Within a session, up to 32 logical work files (numbered 1 to 32) can be used.
  2. To provide different work file definitions, WORK or NTWORK can be specified multiple times.
  3. The software components for accessing work files in different environments are called access methods. For the duration of a Natural session, each logical work file can be assigned to one access method only. The access method for a work file is determined by the keyword subparameter AM.
  4. In z/OS under TSO and in batch mode, work files need not be predefined in the JCL. Provided they are defined by subparameter AM=STD, they can be allocated dynamically during the session by a Natural program using the DEFINE WORK FILE statement or the application programming interface USR2021 (in library SYSEXT).
  5. See also Print and Work File Handling with External Data Sets in a Server Environment in the Operations documentation.

This document covers the following topics:

WORK Parameter Syntax

With the WORK parameter, you first specify one or more logical work file numbers and then several keyword subparameters, which define the characteristics for these work files:

WORK=((work-file-numbers),keyword-subparameters,...)

Where:

Syntax Element Description
work-file-numbers The file numbers must be specified first and enclosed in parentheses:

  • The numbers can be from 1 to 32.

  • They can be specified in any sequence.

  • Multiple numbers must be separated from one another by commas or blanks.

  • To specify a range of numbers, you can use a hyphen (-).

keyword-subparameters The keyword subparameters (for the different environments) are described below.

If any previous definition (or default) for the same work file exists, only the values for the specified keyword subparameters are overwritten, all other values remain unchanged.

Note:
To provide different work file definitions, WORK can be specified multiple times.

Examples:

WORK=((2,12,18),AM=STD,DEST='WORK**') 
WORK=((1,3,6-11,15),AM=COMP,OPEN=INITOBJ,CLOSE=CMD)

NTWORK Macro Syntax

With an NTWORK macro, you first specify one or more logical work file numbers, and then several keyword subparameters, which define the characteristics for these work files: 

         NTWORK (work-file-numbers),keyword-subparameters,...

Where:

Syntax Element Description
work-file-numbers The file numbers must be specified first and enclosed in parentheses:

  • The numbers can be from 1 to 32.

  • They can be specified in any sequence.

  • Multiple numbers must be separated from one another by commas or blanks.

  • To specify a range of numbers, you can use a hyphen (-).

keyword-subparameters The keyword subparameters (for the different environments) are described below.

If any previous definition (or default) for the same work file exists, only the values for the specified keyword subparameters are overwritten, all other values remain unchanged.

Note:
To provide different work file definitions, NTWORK can be specified multiple times.

Examples:

         NTWORK (2,12,18),AM=STD,DEST='WORK**' 
         NTWORK (1,3,6-11,15),AM=COMP,OPEN=INITOBJ,CLOSE=CMD

Keyword Subparameters for All Environments

The following keyword subparameters are available for all environments:

AM | DEST | OPEN | CLOSE | LRECL | TRUNC | PAD | PADCHRO | PADCHRI

AM - Type of Access Method

AM=value specifies the type of access method to be used.

Value Access Method
STD Standard sequential files (batch, TSO, TIAM).
COMP Com-plete work files.
SMARTS SMARTS work files. Work file on a SMARTS Portable File System (PFS).
CICS CICS transient data or temporary storage.
PC Entire Connection.
USER Third-party vendor work-file interface.
OFF Unassigned. No automatic assignments if FAMSTD=OFF is set.

Note:
WORK=OFF is equivalent to: WORK=((1-32)),AM=OFF). It does not affect any of the other keyword subparameter specifications.

0 Unassigned. Automatic assignments if FAMSTD=OFF is set.

This is the default value.

Notes:

  1. For an online session, all work files to be used have to be assigned to a specific access method.
  2. For a batch session, any work files not assigned to a specific access method will be automatically detected and assigned by the standard batch access method (AM=STD), provided that they have been predefined in the JCL. See also FAMSTD - Overwriting of Print and Work File Access Method Assignments.

DEST - External Data Set Name

DEST=value specifies the external data set name.

Value Explanation
1 - 8 characters or 1 - 7 characters, depending on access method and environment. Name of the external data set.

Note:
The DEST subparameter corresponds to operand1 of the DEFINE WORK FILE statement, and the subparameter value can be overwritten by a DEFINE WORK FILE specification.

The meaning of the subparameter DEST depends on the access method specified with the AM subparameter:

Access Method Meaning of Keyword Subparameter DEST
AM=STD DEST is the logical data set name (DDNAME, LINK name, DTF name).

Notes:

  1. If the destination is to be for multiple files, two asterisks (**) have to be specified for the file number. These will be replaced by the corresponding logical file number for each work file. A DEST value including two asterisks must be enclosed in apostrophes ('), when it is used as a dynamic parameter.
  2. The default value is DEST='CMWKF**' for z/OS, z/VSE, and DEST='W**' for BS2000 environments.
  3. Under z/VSE, only 7-character names are supported.
AM=CICS There is no default value for work files under CICS. Here, the DEST subparameter is mandatory; that is, CICS work files defined without a valid DEST specification are ignored.

Note:
The Natural CICS interface also supports a variable (see the TERMVAR=&TID default parameter setting in the NCIPARM or NTCICSP generation macro, depending on on the Natural CICS Interface version installed) as part of the DEST value which, when being specified, is replaced by the actual CICS terminal ID; see also Natural Print and Work Files under CICS in the TP Monitor Interfaces documentation).

AM=COMP DEST defines the name of the Com-plete SD-file. The length is restricted to a maximum of 8 characters.

Notes:

  1. If the file is defined with TYPE=TID, the DEST value is appended by the Com-plete stack level. The length is restricted accordingly to a maximum of 7 characters.
  2. SD-file names starting with '&&' are treated as temporary files which are deleted automatically after Natural termination.

OPEN - Time of File Opening

OPEN=value specifies when the file is to be opened:

Value Explanation: The file is opened ...
INIT for output at session initialization.
OBF according to the default OPEN value for the different environments (batch, CICS, Com-plete, TSO).
OBJ when the execution of the first object which accesses the file starts.

This is the default value.
INITOBF for output at session initialization. Any subsequent re-opening of the file sets the default OPEN value for the different environments (batch, CICS, Com-plete, TSO).
OBJ1 when the execution of the first object on level 1 which accesses the file starts. Otherwise, it is opened when it is first accessed.
ACC when it is first accessed by a statement.
INITOBJ for output at session initialization. Any subsequent re-opening of the file will be performed when the execution of the first object which accesses the file starts.
INITOBJ1 when the execution of the first object on level 1 which accesses the file starts. Otherwise, it is opened when it is first accessed.
INITACC for output at session initialization. Any subsequent re-opening of the file will be performed when it is first accessed by a statement.

CLOSE - Time of File Closure

CLOSE=value specifies when the file is to be closed:

Value Explanation: The file is closed ...
OBJ when processing of the object in which it was first accessed is finished, or when command mode, NEXT mode or MAINMENU is reached.
CMD when command mode, NEXT mode or MAINMENU is reached.

This is the default value.
FIN at session end.

Note:
With CLOSE=FIN, a DEFINE WORK FILE statement causes an error if the work file was opened already. A CLOSE WORK FILE statement for the work file is ignored. When the end-of-file condition occurs during the READ WORK FILE statement, Natural closes the work file immediately.

USER This value specifies that a work file is closed only if the file is open and one of the following conditions is true:

  • a CLOSE WORK FILE statement is issued,

  • a DEFINE WORK FILE statement is issued,

  • session termination.

LRECL - Default and Maximum Record Length of Data Set

LRECL=value specifies the record length of the data set.

Value Explanation
0 or 5 - 32767 Record length of the data set (in bytes).
0 This is the default value.

Note:
This subparameter is used particularly to check for truncation and padding. For more information on AM=STD, see the keyword subparameter LRECL in the section Keyword Subparameters for AM=STD in All Environments.

TRUNC - Truncation of Output Records

TRUNC=value specifies whether the output records are truncated or not.

Possible values:

Value Explanation
ON Output records that are longer than the record length (LRECL) of the data set will be truncated.
OFF Error NAT1512 will be issued if an output record is longer than the data set record length.

This is the default value.

PAD - Padding of Output Records

PAD=value specifies whether the output records are padded or not (applies only to data sets of fixed record length).

Value Explanation
ON Output records that are shorter than the record length (LRECL) of the data set will be padded with padding characters defined by keyword subparameter PADCHRO.

This is the default value.
OFF Error NAT1510 will be issued if an output record is shorter than the data set record length.

PADCHRO - Padding Character of Output Records

PADCHRO=value specifies the character which is used for padding of output records if PAD=ON is defined for the work file.

Value Explanation

'x'
or
x'xx'

One character x within single quotes
or
one hex character xx.

x'00' This is the default value.

PADCHRI - Padding Character of Input Records

PADCHRI=value specifies the character which is used for padding of input records.

Value Explanation

'x'
or
x'xx'

One character x within single quotes
or
one hex character xx.

x'40' Blank.

This is the default value.

Keyword Subparameters for AM=STD in All Environments

The following keyword subparameters are available for AM=STD in all environments:

RECFM | BLKSIZE | LRECL

RECFM - Default Record Format of Data Set

RECFM=value specifies the default record format of the data set.

Supported formats:

Value Format
F Fixed
V Variable
U Undefined
B Blocked
S Spanned
A ASA
M Machine control characters

Possible values or combinations of values:

Value Explanation
F, FA, FM, FB, FBA, FBM, V, VA, VM, VB, VBA, VBM, VBS, VBSA, VBSM, U, UA, UM These values or combinations of values that can be specified.
VB Variable blocked.

This is the default value.

Note:
The RECFM specification only applies if no record format is predefined in the JCL or (under z/OS only) in the data set DCB.

BLKSIZE - Default Block Size of Data Set

BLKSIZE=value specifies the default block size of the data set.

Value Explanation

0
or
8 - 32767

Default block size of the data set (in bytes).
4628 This is the default value.

Note:
The BLKSIZE specification only applies if no block size is predefined in the JCL or (under z/OS only) in the data set DCB.

LRECL - Default and Maximum Record Length of Data Set

LRECL=value specifies the record length of the data set.

Value Explanation

0
or
5 - 32767

Record length of the data set (in bytes).
0 This is the default value.

Notes:

  1. This subparameter is used particularly to check for truncation and padding.
  2. For RECFM=V(B) the LRECL value includes a 4-byte record descriptor word.
  3. If LRECL=0 is defined, the following applies: With RECFM=V(B), LRECL defaults to BLKSIZE-4. With RECFM=U, LRECL defaults to BLKSIZE. With RECFM=F(B), the maximum record length in the Natural program being executed is taken when the file is opened. If no record length from a program is available when the file is opened, for example with OPEN=INIT, this leads to an error.
  4. The LRECL specification only applies if no record length is predefined in the JCL or (z/OS only) in the data set DCB.

Keyword Subparameters for AM=STD in z/OS Environments

The following keyword subparameters are available for AM=STD in z/OS environments:

REREAD | FREE | BUFNO | DISP | VMAX

REREAD - Closing of Tape File Data Sets

REREAD=value specifies the REREAD option for the closing of the tape file.

Value Explanation
ON The REREAD option is set for the CLOSE SVC. This causes the volume to be repositioned to reprocess the data set.

This is the default value.
OFF The REREAD option is not set for the CLOSE SVC.

FREE - Data Set De-allocation at File Closure

FREE=value specifies whether the data set is de-allocated when the file is closed.

Value Explanation
ON The FREE option is set for the CLOSE SVC, which means that the data set is de-allocated when it is closed (and not at step termination).
OFF The FREE option is not set for the CLOSE SVC.

This is the default value.

BUFNO - Default Number of z/OS I/O Buffers of Data Set

BUFNO=value specifies the default number of z/OS I/O buffers of the data set.

Value Explanation
0 or 1 - 255 Default number of z/OS I/O buffers of the data set.
0 With BUFNO=0, z/OS allocates five I/O buffers per default.

This is the default value.

Notes:

  1. The number of I/O buffers can improve the performance of work file access dramatically. Note that the storage for I/O buffers is allocated below the 16 MB line.
  2. The BUFNO specification applies only if the BUFNO parameter is not specified in the JCL for the data set.

DISP - Open Work File for Modification

DISP=value specifies that the work file is opened for modification.

Value Explanation
MOD New records are added at the end of the file.

Note:
This corresponds to the JCL DD statement subparameter DISP=MOD.

NOMOD The work file is rewritten from the start.

This is the default value.

VMAX - Control LRECL for Variable Record Format

VMAX=value controls the LRECL setting for an output file with variable record format (RECFM=V).

Value Explanation
ON Providing a non-zero BLKSIZE value exists for the file, VMAX=ON sets LRECL=BLKSIZE-4 for variable record format, regardless of the LRECL setting in the DCB or the LRECL subparameter.
NAT LRECL is set to the length +4 of the largest record in the application program if this value is less than LRECL in the DCB for the data set.
OFF LRECL from the DCB for the data set is used.

This is the default value.

Keyword Subparameters for AM=STD in z/VSE Environments

The following keyword subparameters are available for AM=STD in z/VSE environments:

SYSNR | LABEL | REWIND | BLOCKS | DISP

SYSNR - Logical VSE SYS Number

SYSNR=value specifies the logical VSE SYS number.

Value Explanation
1 - 99 Logical VSE SYS number.

By default, the SYS number is identical to the work file number.

LABEL - Tape Label Processing

LABEL=value specifies the tape label processing.

Value Explanation
ON The tape is in standard label format.

This is the default value.
OFF The tape is unlabeled with front tape mark.
NOTM The tape is unlabeled without front tape mark.

REWIND - Action at File Closure

REWIND=value specifies the action to be taken when a tape file is closed.

Value Explanation
ON The tape is rewound when the file is closed.

This is the default value.
OFF The tape is not rewound when the file is closed.
UNLOAD The tape is unloaded when the file is closed.

BLOCKS - Number of Storage Blocks

BLOCKS=value specifies the number of file blocks or file tracks to be allocated for a dynamic NATVSE work file.

Value Explanation
1 - 9999 Number of file blocks or file tracks to be allocated.
20 This is the default value.

Note:
See NATVSE Dynamic Work File Allocation (DYNALLOC) Support in the Operations documentation.

DISP - Work File Disposition for VSAM/SAM

DISP=(value1,value2) specifies the disposition of a dynamic NATVSE work file controlled by VSAM/SAM.

Value Pair Explanation
(NEW,KEEP) File is to be reset at open and to be kept at close.

This is the default value.
(NEW,DELETE) File is to be reset at open and to be made inaccessible at close.
(OLD,DELETE) File is not to be reset at open and to be made inaccessible at close.
(OLD,KEEP) File is not to be reset at open and to be kept at close.

Note:
See NATVSE Dynamic Work File Allocation (DYNALLOC) Support in the Operations documentation.

Keyword Subparameters for AM=STD in BS2000 Environments

The following keyword subparameter is available for AM=STD in BS2000 environments:

DISP

DISP - File Open Mode

DISP=value specifies the open mode of the file.

Value Explanation
EXT The open mode is set to EXTEND.
NOEXT The open mode is set to the default value OUTPUT.

This is the default value.

Keyword Subparameters for AM=CICS

The following keyword subparameters are available for AM=CICS:

TYPE | DISP

TYPE - Type of CICS Storage Medium

TYPE=value specifies the type of CICS storage medium to be used.

Value Explanation
MAIN Temporary main storage.
AUX Temporary auxiliary storage.
TD Transient data.

Note:
The default value used depends on the setting of the subparameter DEST. If the DEST subparameter value matches a valid CICS transient data queue, the TYPE subparameter defaults to TD, otherwise MAIN will be taken as default value.

DISP - CICS Temporary Storage Queue Disposition

DISP=(value1,value2) specifies the CICS temporary storage queue disposition.

Value Pairs Explanation
(NEW,KEEP) The storage queue is deleted when the file is opened.

This is the default value.
(NEW,DELETE) The storage queue is deleted when the file is opened and when it is closed.
(OLD,DELETE) The storage queue is deleted when the file is closed.
(OLD,KEEP) The storage queue is not deleted.

Note:
The DISP specification does not apply to CICS extra-partition transient data queues.

Keyword Subparameters for AM=COMP

The following keyword subparameters are available for AM=COMP:

TYPE | BLOCKS | BLKSIZE

TYPE - Type of Storage Access

TYPE=value specifies the type of storage access to be used.

Value Explanation
SHR Shared access; that is, the work file is accessible by all users.
TID The work file is only available to the current Com-plete terminal ID.
DYN The work file is only available to the current terminal stack level.

BLOCKS - Number of Storage Blocks

BLOCKS=value specifies the number of storage blocks to be allocated.

Value Explanation
1 - 9999 Number of storage blocks to be allocated.
20 This is the default value.

BLKSIZE - Size of Storage Blocks

BLKSIZE=value specifies the default block size of the data set.

Value Explanation

0
or
8 - 32767

Default block size of the data set (in bytes).
4628 This is the default value.

Keyword Subparameters for AM=SMARTS

The following keyword subparameters are available for AM=SMARTS:

DEST | TYPE | DISP

DEST - Work File Name

DEST=value specifies the work file name.

Value Explanation
1 - 8 characters. Work file name.

Notes:

  1. Since the DEST clause is restricted to an 8 character maximum, it is useless to define a file with absolute PFS path specification.
  2. The name specified in the DEST clause is relative to the work file root directory. The work file root directory is specified with the environment variable NAT_WORK_ROOT.
  3. To specify a file with absolute path definition, use the DEFINE WORK FILE statement.

TYPE - Type of Storage Access

TYPE=value specifies the type of storage access to be used.

Value Explanation
BIN Each line is written to the work file without terminating end-of-line character.

This is the default value.
TXT Each line is written to the work file with a terminating end-of-line character (x'15').

DISP - File Open Mode

DISP=(value1,value2,value3) specifies the mode of the work file.

Value Explanation
value1 value1 specifies whether an existing file should be deleted or new data should be appended to the file.
NEW An existing file will be deleted if the file is opened for writing.

This is the default value.
OLD or MOD New data written are appended at the end of the file.
value2 value2 specifies whether a file should be kept or removed after access.
KEEP Permanent file that will be kept after close.

This is the default value.
DELETE Temporary file that will be removed after close.
value3 value3 specifies whether a user has exclusive access to the file or not.
SHR Shared access; that is, the work file is accessible by all users.

This is the default value.
OWN Exclusive access, the work file is accessible to the current Comp-lete user ID. Files with exclusive access are located in an additional directory which has the name of the current user ID.

Example 1:

DISP=(NEW,KEEP,SHR)

Example 2:

If you specify only the first value (with or without parentheses), the other values will assume their default settings: 

DISP=(MOD)

or

DISP=MOD

Both specifications correspond to:

DISP=(MOD,KEEP,SHR)