Mathematical System Functions

The following mathematical functions are supported in arithmetic processing statements (ADD, COMPUTE, DIVIDE, MULTIPLY, SUBTRACT) and in logical condition criteria:

Function	Format/Length	Explanation
`ABS(field)`	same as `field`	Absolute value of `field`.
`ATN(field)`	F8	Arc tangent of `field`.
`COS(field)`	F8	Cosine of `field`. If the value of the `field` is equal to or greater than 10¹⁷, `COS(field)` will be "1".
`EXP(field)`	F8	Exponentiation of exponent `field` to base e , that is, e^field, where e is Euler's number.
`FRAC(field)`	same as `field`	Fractional part of `field`.
`INT(field)`	same as `field`	Integer part of `field`.
`LOG(field)`	F8	Natural logarithm of `field`.
`SGN(field)`	same as `field`	Sign of `field` (-1, 0, +1).
`SIN(field)`	F8	Sine of `field` . If the value of the `field` is equal to or greater than 10¹⁷, `SIN(field)` will be "0".
`SQRT(field)`	(*)	Square root of `field`. A negative value in the argument field will be treated as positive.
`TAN(field)`	F8	Tangent of `field`. If the value of the `field` is equal to or greater than 10¹⁷, `TAN(field)` will be "0".
`VAL(field)`	same as target field	Extract numeric value from an alphanumeric `field`. The content of the `field` must be the alphanumeric (code page or Unicode) character representation of a numeric value. Leading or trailing blanks in the `field` will be ignored; decimal point and leading sign character will be processed. If the target field is not long enough, decimal digits will be truncated (see also Field Truncation and Field Rounding in the section Rules for Arithmetic Assignment of the Programming Guide).

^* This function is evaluated as follows:

If field has format/length F4, format/length of SQRT(field) will be F4.
If field has format/length F8 or I, format/length of SQRT(field) will be F8.
If field has format N or P, see Precision of Results of Arithmetic Operations for format/length of SQRT(field).

A field to be used with a mathematical function - except VAL - may be a constant or a scalar; its format must be numeric (N), packed numeric (P), integer (I), or floating point (F).

A field to be used with the VAL function may be a constant, a scalar, or an array; its format must be alphanumeric.

Mathematical Functions Example:

** Example 'MATHEX': Mathematical functions                             
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL                                                       
1 #A     (N2.1) INIT <10>                                               
1 #B     (N2.1) INIT <-6.3>                                             
1 #C     (N2.1) INIT <0>                                                
1 #LOGA  (N2.6)                                                         
1 #SQRTA (N2.6)                                                         
1 #TANA  (N2.6)                                                         
1 #ABS   (N2.1)                                                         
1 #FRAC  (N2.1)                                                         
1 #INT   (N2.1)                                                         
1 #SGN   (N1)                                                           
END-DEFINE                                                              
*                                                                       
COMPUTE #LOGA = LOG(#A)                                                 
WRITE NOTITLE '=' #A 5X 'LOG'         40T #LOGA                         
*                                                                       
COMPUTE #SQRTA = SQRT(#A)                                               
WRITE         '=' #A 5X 'SQUARE ROOT' 40T #SQRTA
*                                               
COMPUTE #TANA  = TAN(#A)                        
WRITE         '=' #A 5X 'TANGENT'     40T #TANA 
*                                               
COMPUTE #ABS   = ABS(#B)                        
WRITE     //  '=' #B 5X 'ABSOLUTE'    40T #ABS  
*                                               
COMPUTE #FRAC  = FRAC(#B)                       
WRITE         '=' #B 5X 'FRACTIONAL'  40T #FRAC 
*                                               
COMPUTE #INT   = INT(#B)                        
WRITE         '=' #B 5X 'INTEGER'     40T #INT  
*                                               
COMPUTE #SGN   = SGN(#A)                        
WRITE      // '=' #A 5X 'SIGN'        40T #SGN  
*                                               
COMPUTE #SGN   = SGN(#B)                        
WRITE         '=' #B 5X 'SIGN'        40T #SGN  
*                                             
COMPUTE #SGN   = SGN(#C)                      
WRITE         '=' #C 5X 'SIGN'        40T #SGN
*                                             
END

Output of program MATHEX:

#A:  10.0     LOG                        2.302585
#A:  10.0     SQUARE ROOT                3.162277
#A:  10.0     TANGENT                    0.648360
                                                 
                                                 
#B:  -6.3     ABSOLUTE                   6.3     
#B:  -6.3     FRACTIONAL                -0.3     
#B:  -6.3     INTEGER                   -6.0     
                                                 
                                                 
#A:  10.0     SIGN                      1        
#B:  -6.3     SIGN                     -1        
#C:   0.0     SIGN                      0