DISPLAY
[(rep)] [options]
{[/
 ]
[output-format]
output-element}
|
This document covers the following topics:
For an explanation of the symbols used in the syntax diagram, see Syntax Symbols.
Related Statements: AT END OF
PAGE | AT TOP OF
PAGE | CLOSE
PRINTER | DEFINE
PRINTER
EJECT |
FORMAT |
NEWPAGE |
PRINT |
SKIP |
SUSPEND IDENTICAL SUPPRESS
| WRITE |
WRITE TITLE |
WRITE TRAILER
Belongs to Function Group: Creation of Output Reports
The DISPLAY statement is used to specify the fields to be
output on a report in column format. A column is created for each field and a
field header is placed over the column.
Note:
The statements WRITE and PRINT can be used to produce output
in free (non-column) format.
See also the following topics (in the Programming Guide):
| Syntax Element | Description |
|---|---|
(rep) |
Report Specification:
The notation
As report identification, a value in the range 0 - 31 or a logical
name which has been assigned using the If If this printer file is defined to Natural as PC, the report will be downloaded to the PC, see Example 8. For information on how to control the format of an output report created with Natural, see Report Format and Control in the Programming Guide. |
options
|
Display Options:
For details, see Display Options below. |
output-format
|
Output Format Definitions:
For details, see Output Format Definitions below. |
/
|
Line Advance - Slash Notation:
When specified within a text element, a slash (/) causes a line advance for the text displayed. When specified between output elements, it causes the output element specified by the slash (/) to be placed vertically within the same column. The header for this column will be constructed by placing the headers of the vertically displayed elements vertically above the column. See also the following topics in the Programming Guide: |
output-element
|
Output Element:
For details, see Output Element below. |
[NOTITLE]
[NOHDR]
|
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[AND] [GIVE] [SYSTEM] FUNCTIONS |
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[(statement-parameters)]
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Syntax Element Description:
| Syntax Element | Description |
|---|---|
NOTITLE
|
Default Page Title Suppression:
By default, Natural generates a single title line for each page
resulting from a Examples:
Note: |
NOHDR
|
Column Headers:
Column headers are produced for each field specified in the
Column Header Suppression:
To suppress the column header for a single field
To suppress all column headers
Notes:
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GIVE SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
|
Natural System Function Usage:
The These functions may then be referred to in a statement executed as a result of an end-of-page condition. Notes:
See also Example 2 - DISPLAY Statement Using GIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS Clause. |
statement-parameters
|
Parameter Definition at Statement Level:
One or more parameters, enclosed within parentheses, may be
specified at statement level, that is, immediately after the
Each parameter specified will override the corresponding parameter
previously specified in a If more than one parameter is specified, they must be separated by one or more blanks from one another. Each parameter specification must not be split between two statement lines. Note: See also: |
The following parameters can be specified with the DISPLAY
statement
| Parameter Name | Explanation | Specification possible at statement level (S), at element level (E) or both (SE) |
|---|---|---|
AD
|
Attribute Definition | SE |
AL
|
Alphanumeric Length for Output | SE |
BX
|
Box Definition | SE |
CD
|
Color Definition | SE |
CV
|
Control Variable | SE |
DF
|
Date Format | SE |
DL |
Display Length for Output | SE |
DY
|
Dynamic Attributes | SE |
EM
|
Edit Mask | SE |
EMU |
Unicode Edit Mask | E |
ES
|
Empty Line Suppression | S |
FC
|
Filler Character | SE |
FL
|
Floating Point Mantissa Length | SE |
GC
|
Filler Character for Group Headers | SE |
HC
|
Header Centering | SE |
HW
|
Heading Width | SE |
IC
|
Insertion Character | SE |
ICU |
Unicode Insertion Character | SE |
IS
|
Identical Suppress | SE |
LC
|
Leading Characters | SE |
LCU |
Unicode Leading Characters | SE |
LS
|
Line Size | S |
MC
|
Multiple-Value Field Count | S |
MP
|
Maximum Number of Pages of a Report | S |
NL
|
Numeric Length for Output | SE |
PC
|
Periodic Group Count | S |
PM
|
Print Mode | SE |
PS
|
Page Size | S |
SF
|
Spacing Factor | SE |
SG
|
Sign Position | SE |
TC
|
Trailing Characters | SE |
TCU |
Unicode Trailing Characters | SE |
UC
|
Underlining Character | SE |
ZP
|
Zero Printing | SE |
The individual parameters are described in the Parameter Reference (session parameters).
See also the following topics in the Programming Guide:
DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 VARI (A4) INIT <'1234'> /* Output END-DEFINE /* Produced * /* --------- DISPLAY NOHDR 'Text' '=' VARI /* Text 1234 DISPLAY NOHDR (PM=I) 'Text' '=' VARI /* Text 4321 DISPLAY NOHDR 'Text' (PM=I) '=' VARI (PM=I)/* txeT 4321 DISPLAY NOHDR 'Text' (PM=I) '=' VARI /* txeT 1234 END
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nX
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nT
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|||||||||||||
x/y |
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'text' |
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[(attributes)] |
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T*field-name |
'c'(n)
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P*field-name |
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VERTICALLY
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AS
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'text'
[(attributes)]
[CAPTIONED]
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[/
]
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[CAPTIONED]
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[HORIZONTALLY]
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| Syntax Element | Description |
|---|---|
nX
|
Column Spacing:
This notation inserts Example: DISPLAY NAME 5X SALARY See also:
|
nT
|
Tab Setting:
The In the following example, DISPLAY 25T NAME 50T SALARY See also:
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x/y
|
x/y Positioning:
The |
T*field-name
|
Field Related Positioning:
The |
P*field-name
|
Field and Line Related Positioning:
The See also:
|
| Syntax Element | Description |
|---|---|
'text'
|
Text Assignment:
If placed immediately before a field, the text enclosed by single quotes overrides the column heading. The slash character DISPLAY 'EMPLOYEE' NAME 'MARITAL/STATUS' MAR-STAT If multiple See also:
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'c'(n)
|
Character Repetition:
The character enclosed by single quotes is displayed
DISPLAY '*' (5) '=' NAME results in ***** SMITH See also:
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attributes indicates the output attributes to be used for text display. Attributes can be:
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|
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ad-value |
|
Where:
ad-value,
bx-value,
cd-value and
pm-value denote the possible values of
the corresponding session parameters AD,
BX,
CD and
PM described
in the relevant sections of the Parameter Reference
documentation.
The compiler actually accepts more than one attribute value for an output
field. For example, you can specify: AD=BDI. In such a case,
however, only the last value applies. In the given example, only the value
I becomes effective and the output field is displayed
intensified.
For an alphanumeric/Unicode constant (Natural data format A or U), you can
specify ad-value and/or
cd-value without preceding
CD= or AD=, respectively. The single value entered is
then checked against all possible CD values first. For
example: a value of IRE will be interpreted as intensifed/red but
not as intensified/right-justified/mandatory. You cannot combine a single
cd-value or
ad-value with a value preceded by
CD= or AD=.
The VERT clause may be used to cause multiple field values
to be positioned underneath one another in the same column. In vertical mode, a
new column may be initiated by specifying the keyword VERT or
HORIZ.
The column heading in vertical mode is controlled using the entry or
entries specified with the AS clause as described below.
| Syntax Element | Description |
|---|---|
VERTICALLY
|
DISPLAY VERT without AS
Clause: Vertical column orientation. No column heading is
produced if the AS clause is omitted.
DISPLAY VERT NAME SALARY For an example, see DISPLAY VERT without AS Clause in the Programming Guide. |
AS 'text'
|
DISPLAY VERT AS 'text'
Clause: Vertical column orientation. If AS
'text' is specified, the text enclosed by
single quotes is used as the column heading.
For an example, see DISPLAY VERT AS 'text' in the Programming Guide. The slash character / in the character string of
DISPLAY VERT AS 'LAST/NAME' NAME |
AS
'text' CAPTIONED
|
DISPLAY VERT AS 'text'
CAPTIONED Clause: Vertical column orientation. If AS
'text' CAPTIONED is specified,
'text' is used as the column heading
and the standard heading text or field name is inserted immediately before the
field value in each detail display line.
DISPLAY VERT AS 'PERSONS/SELECTED' CAPTIONED NAME FIRST-NAME For an example, see DISPLAY VERT AS 'text' CAPTIONED in the Programming Guide. |
AS CAPTIONED
|
DISPLAY VERT AS CAPTIONED
Clause: Vertical column orientation. If AS
CAPTIONED is specified, the standard heading text for the field (either
heading text or the field name) will be used as the column heading.
DISPLAY VERT AS CAPTIONED NAME FIRST-NAME |
HORIZONTALLY |
DISPLAY HORIZ Clause: Horizontal
column orientation. This is the default display mode.
|
Vertical and horizontal column orientation may be intermixed by using the respective keyword.
To suspend vertical display for a single output element, you may place a dash (-) in front of the element. For example:
DISPLAY VERT NAME - FIRST-NAME SALARY
In the above example, FIRST-NAME will be output
horizontally next to NAME, while SALARY will be
output vertically again, i.e. below NAME.
The standard display mode is horizontal. A column is constructed for each field to be displayed.
Column headings are obtained and used by Natural according to the following priority:
heading 'text' supplied in
the DISPLAY statement;
the default heading defined in the DDM (database fields), or the name of a user-defined variable;
the field name as defined in the DDM (if no heading text was defined for the database field).
For group names, a group heading is produced for the entire group. When specifying a group, only the heading for the entire group may be overridden by a user-specified heading.
The maximum number of column header lines is 15.
Line size overflow is not permitted for output resulting from a
DISPLAY statement. If a line overflow occurs, an error message is
issued.
For more information about vertical/horizontal display usage, see:
Example 6 - DISPLAY Statement Using Vertical and Horizontal Display
DISPLAY VERT AS CAPTIONED and HORIZ (in the Programming Guide)
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'text'
[(attributes)]
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'c'(n)
[(attributes)] |
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nX
|
['='] {operand1
[(parameters)]}
|
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nT
|
|||||
x/y
|
Operand Definition Table:
| Operand | Possible Structure | Possible Formats | Referencing Permitted | Dynamic Definition | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
operand1
|
S | A | G | N | A | N | P | I | F | B | D | T | L | G | O | yes | no | ||
Syntax Element Description
| Syntax Element | Description |
|---|---|
nX
|
Column Spacing:
This is the same as under Output Format Definitions (see above). |
nT
|
Tab Setting:
This is the same as under Output Format Definitions (see above). |
x/y
|
x/y Positioning:
This is the same as under Output Format Definitions (see above). |
'text' |
Text Assignment:
This is the same as under Output Format Definitions (see above). |
'c'(n)
|
Character Repetition:
This is the same as under Output Format Definitions (see above). |
'text'
'='
|
If 'text'
'=' is placed immediately before the field,
text is output immediately before the
field value. This applies analogously with 'c'
(n) '='.
DISPLAY '*****' '=' NAME |
attributes
|
Output Attributes:
This is the same as under Output Attributes (see above). |
operand1
|
The field to be displayed.
Note: |
parameters
|
Parameter Definition at Element (Field) Level:
One or more parameters, enclosed within parentheses, may be
specified at element (field) level, that is, immediately after
If more than one parameter is specified, one or more blanks must be placed between each entry. An entry must not be split between two statement lines. See also: |
The following defaults are applicable for a DISPLAY
statement:
Report Width
The width of the report defaults to the value set when Natural is
installed. This default value is normally 132 in batch mode or the line length
of the terminal in TP mode. It may be overridden with the session parameter
LS. In TP
mode, line size (LS) and page size
(PS)
parameters are set by Natural based on the physical characteristics of the
terminal type in use.
Terminal Screen Output
When the DISPLAY output is displayed on a terminal
(emulation) screen, the output begins in physical Column 2 (because Column 1
must be reserved for possible use as an attribute position on a 3270-type
terminal).
Printout on Paper
When the DISPLAY output is printed on paper, the
printout begins in the leftmost column (Column 1).
Spacing Factor
The default spacing factor between elements is one position. There is
a minimum of one space between columns (reserved for terminal attributes). This
default may be overridden with the session parameter
SF.
Field Output
The length of the field or the field heading, whichever is greater,
determines the column width for the report (unless the
HW
parameter is used).
If the field is longer than the heading, the heading will be
centered over the column unless the HC=L or
HC=R parameter is
used to produce a left-justified or right-justified heading.
If the heading is longer than the field, the field will be left-justified under the heading.
The values contained in the field are left-justified for alphanumeric fields and right-justified for numeric fields.
Numeric fields may be displayed left-justified by specifying
AD=L.
Alphanumeric fields may be displayed right-justified by specifying
AD=R.
In a vertical display, the longest data value or heading among all
fields determines the column width (unless the
HW
parameter is used).
Sign
One extra high-order print position is reserved for a sign when
printing a numeric field. The session parameter
SG may be
used to suppress the sign position.
Page Overflow
Page overflow is checked before execution of a DISPLAY
statement. No new page title or trailer information is generated during the
execution of a DISPLAY statement.
Example 2 - DISPLAY Statement Using GIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS Clause
Example 4 - DISPLAY Statement Using 'text ', 'c(n)' and Attribute Notation
Example 6 - DISPLAY Statement Using Vertical and Horizontal Display
Example 7 - DISPLAY Statement Using Parameters on Statement/Element Level
Example 8 - Report Specification with Output File Defined to Natural as PC
** Example 'DISEX1': DISPLAY (with nX, nT notation) ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 EMPL-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 NAME 2 JOB-TITLE END-DEFINE * LIMIT 4 READ EMPL-VIEW BY NAME DISPLAY NOTITLE 5X NAME 50T JOB-TITLE END-READ * END
NAME CURRENT
POSITION
-------------------- -------------------------
ABELLAN MAQUINISTA
ACHIESON DATA BASE ADMINISTRATOR
ADAM CHEF DE SERVICE
ADKINSON PROGRAMMER
** Example 'DISEX2': DISPLAY (with GIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS)
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL
1 EMPLOY-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES
2 PERSONNEL-ID
2 NAME
2 FIRST-NAME
2 SALARY (1)
2 CURR-CODE (1)
END-DEFINE
*
LIMIT 15
FORMAT PS=15
*
READ EMPLOY-VIEW
DISPLAY GIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
PERSONNEL-ID NAME FIRST-NAME SALARY (1) CURR-CODE (1)
AT END OF PAGE
WRITE / 'SALARY STATISTICS:'
/ 7X 'MAXIMUM:' MAX(SALARY(1)) CURR-CODE (1)
/ 7X 'MINIMUM:' MIN(SALARY(1)) CURR-CODE (1)
/ 7X 'AVERAGE:' AVER(SALARY(1)) CURR-CODE (1)
END-ENDPAGE
END-READ
*
END
Page 1 05-01-12 09:47:48
PERSONNEL NAME FIRST-NAME ANNUAL CURRENCY
ID SALARY CODE
--------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------
50005500 BLOND ALEXANDRE 172000 FRA
50005300 MAIZIERE ELISABETH 166900 FRA
50004900 CAOUDAL ALBERT 167350 FRA
50004600 VERDIE BERNARD 170100 FRA
50004200 VAUZELLE BERNARD 159790 FRA
50004100 CHAPUIS ROBERT 169900 FRA
50003800 JOUSSELIN DANIEL 171990 FRA
50006900 BAILLET PATRICK 188000 FRA
50007600 MARX JEAN-MARIE 365700 FRA
SALARY STATISTICS:
MAXIMUM: 365700 FRA
MINIMUM: 159790 FRA
AVERAGE: 192414 FRA
** Example 'DISEX3': DISPLAY (with P* notation)
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL
1 EMPL-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES
2 NAME
2 SALARY (1)
2 BIRTH
2 CITY
END-DEFINE
*
LIMIT 2
READ EMPL-VIEW BY CITY FROM 'N'
DISPLAY NOTITLE NAME CITY
VERT AS 'BIRTH/SALARY' BIRTH (EM=YYYY-MM-DD) SALARY (1)
SKIP 1
AT BREAK OF CITY
DISPLAY P*SALARY (1) AVER(SALARY (1))
SKIP 1
END-BREAK
END-READ
END
NAME CITY BIRTH
SALARY
-------------------- -------------------- ----------
WILCOX NASHVILLE 1970-01-01
38000
MORRISON NASHVILLE 1949-07-10
36000
37000
** Example 'DISEX4': DISPLAY (with 'c(n)' notation and attribute)
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL
1 EMPL-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES
2 DEPT
2 LEAVE-DUE
2 NAME
END-DEFINE
*
LIMIT 4
READ EMPL-VIEW BY DEPT FROM 'T'
IF LEAVE-DUE GT 40
DISPLAY NOTITLE
'EMPLOYEE' NAME /* OVERRIDE STANDARD HEADER
'LEAVE ACCUMULATED' LEAVE-DUE /* OVERRIDE STANDARD HEADER
'*'(10)(I) /* DISPLAY 10 '*' INTENSIFIED
ELSE
DISPLAY NAME LEAVE-DUE
END-IF
END-READ
*
END
EMPLOYEE LEAVE ACCUMULATED
-------------------- -----------------
LAVENDA 33
BOYER 33
CORREARD 45 **********
BOUVIER 19
** Example 'DISEX5': DISPLAY (horizontal display) ************************************************************************ DEFINE DATA LOCAL 1 EMPL-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES 2 NAME 2 JOB-TITLE 2 SALARY (1:2) 2 CURR-CODE (1:2) END-DEFINE * LIMIT 4 READ EMPL-VIEW BY NAME DISPLAY NOTITLE NAME JOB-TITLE SALARY (1:2) CURR-CODE (1:2) SKIP 1 END-READ * END
NAME CURRENT ANNUAL CURRENCY
POSITION SALARY CODE
-------------------- ------------------------- ---------- --------
ABELLAN MAQUINISTA 1450000 PTA
1392000 PTA
ACHIESON DATA BASE ADMINISTRATOR 11300 UKL
10500 UKL
ADAM CHEF DE SERVICE 159980 FRA
0
ADKINSON PROGRAMMER 34500 USD
31700 USD
** Example 'DISEX6': DISPLAY (vertical and horizontal display)
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL
1 EMPL-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES
2 NAME
2 CITY
2 JOB-TITLE
2 SALARY (1:2)
2 CURR-CODE (1:2)
END-DEFINE
*
LIMIT 1
READ EMPL-VIEW BY NAME
DISPLAY NOTITLE VERT AS CAPTIONED
NAME CITY 'POSITION' JOB-TITLE
HORIZ 'SALARY' SALARY (1:2) 'CURRENCY' CURR-CODE (1:2)
/*
SKIP 1
END-READ
END
NAME SALARY CURRENCY
CITY
POSITION
------------------------- ---------- --------
ABELLAN 1450000 PTA
MADRID 1392000 PTA
MAQUINISTA
** Example 'DISEX7': DISPLAY (with parameters for statement/element)
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL
1 EMPL-VIEW VIEW OF EMPLOYEES
2 NAME
2 PERSONNEL-ID
2 TELEPHONE
3 AREA-CODE
3 PHONE
END-DEFINE
*
LIMIT 3
READ EMPL-VIEW BY NAME
DISPLAY NOTITLE (AL=16 GC=+ NL=8 SF=3 UC==)
PERSONNEL-ID NAME TELEPHONE (LC=< TC=>)
END-READ
END
PERSONNEL NAME +++++++++++++++TELEPHONE+++++++++++++++
ID
AREA TELEPHONE
CODE
================ ================ ================== ==================
60008339 ABELLAN <1 > <4356726 >
30000231 ACHIESON <0332 > <523341 >
50005800 ADAM <1033 > <44864858 >
** Example 'PCDIEX1': DISPLAY and WRITE to PC
**
** NOTE: Example requires that Natural Connection is installed.
************************************************************************
DEFINE DATA LOCAL
01 PERS VIEW OF EMPLOYEES
02 PERSONNEL-ID
02 NAME
02 CITY
END-DEFINE
*
FIND PERS WITH CITY = 'NEW YORK' /* Data selection
WRITE (7) TITLE LEFT 'List of employees in New York' /
DISPLAY (7) /* (7) designates the output file (here the PC).
'Location' CITY
'Surname' NAME
'ID' PERSONNEL-ID
END-FIND
END