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Supported SQL Statements and Extensions for the Salesforce Driver : Alter Table : Altering a Local Table : Add Clause: Columns
  
Add Clause: Columns
Purpose
Adds a column to an existing table. It is optional. The column is added to the end of the column list.
Syntax
ADD [COLUMN] column_name Datatype ... [BEFORE existing_column]
Notes
*If NOT NULL is specified and the table is not empty, a default value must be specified. In all other respects, this command is the equivalent of a column definition in a Create Table statement.
*You cannot specify ANYTYPE, BINARY, COMBOBOX, or TIME data types in the column definition of Alter Table statements.
*Using the Before existing_column clause, you can specify the name of an existing column so that the new column is inserted in a position just before the existing column.
*If a SQL view includes SELECT * FROM for the table to which the column was added in the view’s Select statement, the new column is added to the view.
Example A
Assuming the current schema is PUBLIC, this example adds the status column with a default value of ACTIVE to the test table.
ALTER TABLE test ADD COLUMN status VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT 'ACTIVE'
Example B
Assuming the current schema is PUBLIC, this example adds a deptId column that can be used as a foreign key column.
ALTER TABLE test ADD COLUMN deptId INT